Tracking the Bacterial Type III Secretion System: Visualization of Effector Delivery Using Split Fluorescent Proteins

Mach, Jennifer

doi:10.1105/tpc.17.00553

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Alternatively, only a small and hard‐to‐detect fraction of the effector may traffic to mitochondria. The recently achieved visualisation of effector delivery and trafficking using the split fluorescent proteins could represent a useful approach for tracking the targeting of translocated effectors to mitochondria in infected cells (Mach, 201).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type III secreted effectors that target mitochondria

Nandi

Aroeti

Ramachandran

et al. 2021

Cellular Microbiology

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A type III secretion system (T3SS) is used by Gram‐negative bacterial pathogens to secrete and translocate a battery of proteins, termed effectors, from the bacteria directly into the host cells. These effectors, which are thought to play a key role in bacterial virulence, hijack and modify the activity of diverse host cell organelles, including mitochondria. Mitochondria—the energy powerhouse of the cell—are important cell organelles that play role in numerous critical cellular processes, including the initiation of apoptosis and the induction of innate immunity. Therefore, it is not surprising that pathogenic bacteria use mitochondrially targeted effectors to control host cell death and immunity pathways. Surprisingly, however, we found that despite their importance, only a limited number of type III secreted effectors have been characterised to target host mitochondria, and the mechanisms underlying their mitochondrial activity have not been sufficiently analysed. These include effectors secreted by the enteric attaching and effacing (A/E), Salmonella and Shigella bacterial pathogens. Here we give an overview of key findings, present gaps in knowledge and hypotheses concerning the mode by which these type III secreted effectors control the host and the bacterial cell life (and death) through targeting mitochondria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type III secreted effectors that target mitochondria

Nandi

Aroeti

Ramachandran

et al. 2021

Cellular Microbiology

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“…It also participates in the interaction between plants and pathogens and the regulation of ion channels 33 . Secretion system can deliver bacterial effector proteins into host cells to kill or inhibit their growth, and help the bacteria thrive in its host 34,35 . That is to say, the three pathways are closely related to the survival of endophytic bacteria and host plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illumina-based Analysis of Endophytic Bacterial Diversity of four Allium species

Huang

2019

Sci Rep

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Allium species are popular vegetables in China and possess antifungal and antibacterial activities. This study aimed to compare the endophytic bacterial community in the four crucial Allium species in China, Chinese leek (CL), garlic (GA), onion (ON,) and Welsh onion (WO), using sequences of the V3–V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. A total of 1,036,637 high-quality sequences and 719 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained across all libraries. A total of 20 phyla, 50 classes, 80 orders, 134 families, and 234 genera were identified. Among them, 18 OTUs and 19 genera were shared among the four Allium species. Proteobacteria (42.68%) and Bacteroidetes (20.18%) were the dominant phyla in CL, while one unclassified (>70%) was the dominant phyla in the other three Allium species. The alpha-diversity analysis showed the bacterial richness and diversity in CL were significantly higher than those in the other three Allium species. Principal coordinate analysis (PCA) showed endophytic bacterial communities in GA, WO, and ON were more similar than those in CL. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis revealed endophytic bacteria mostly enriched in Membrane Transport, Amino Acid Metabolism and Carbohydrate Metabolism pathway. 17 of the 23 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) categories and 159 of the 206 lower-level KEGG pathways in CL were significantly higher than those in the other three Allium species. Pearson’s correlation indicated that KEGG pathways with significant differences among the Allium species were closely related to the bacterial genera with significant differences between the Allium species. The findings of our study provided insight into the complex endophytic microbial communities in Allium species.

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“…Thus, bulk analysis of R.solanacearum-infected root tissue is likely unsuitable to trace such locally restricted effects. However, recently developed approaches facilitate fluorophore-based visualization of those host cells that have received a given T3 effector (Henry et al, 2017;Mach, 2017;Park et al, 2017) and could possibly provide the experimental basis for investigation of spatially restricted, T3modified rhizospheres.…”

Section: Polyamines May Serve As Metabolic Reservoirs For Production mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Plant Pathogen Type III Effector Protein Subverts Translational Regulation to Boost Host Polyamine Levels

Roepenack‐Lahaye

Buntru

et al. 2019

Cell Host & Microbe

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Tracking the Bacterial Type III Secretion System: Visualization of Effector Delivery Using Split Fluorescent Proteins

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Type III secreted effectors that target mitochondria

Type III secreted effectors that target mitochondria

Illumina-based Analysis of Endophytic Bacterial Diversity of four Allium species

A Plant Pathogen Type III Effector Protein Subverts Translational Regulation to Boost Host Polyamine Levels

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