Tracking the origins of moisture over Vietnam: The role of moisture sources and atmospheric drivers on seasonal hydroclimatic conditions

Stojanović, Milica; Nieto, Raquel; Liberato, Margarida L. R.; Sorí, Rogert; Vázquez, M.

doi:10.1002/joc.7156

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The water vapor channel over the Indian Ocean agrees with the findings of Stojanovic et al (2021), who identified this as the dominant moisture source for precipitation over Vietnam. In comparison with their study, we found an additional moisture source over the South China Sea and a parallel water vapor channel over the Bay of Bengal for the larger occurrence number of extreme precipitation during 2003-2015.…”

Section: Change In Water Vapor Transportsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In contrast, water vapor for precipitation during the summer monsoon is largely provided by moisture transport from the South China Sea. Moreover, the identification of moisture sources has received an increasing attention in the analysis of both extreme precipitation and a changing hydrological cycle due to climate change (Gimeno et al, 2013;Stojanovic et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Change in Extreme Precipitation Over Indochina Under Climate Change From a Lagrangian Perspective of Water Vapor

et al. 2021

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The process of global warming has humidified the atmosphere and increased the occurrence of extreme-precipitation events over the Indochina Peninsula, which lies in the transition region from the South Asian monsoon to the East Asian monsoon. The annual occurrence number of days of extreme precipitation over the Indochina Peninsula exhibits a significant change in 2003, with an abnormally higher occurrence number during the period 2003–2015 than that during 1951–2002. The extreme precipitation and such decadal change are contributed by more moisture sources associated with an enhanced dipole circulation over the Indian Ocean, which could be linked to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. The daily large-scale meteorological pattern directly associated with extreme precipitation is characterized by an enhanced dipole of the typical summer monsoon pattern, with a zonally elongated Mascarene high and a deepened monsoon trough from northern India to the South China Sea. Such an intensified dipole provides two major channels of water vapor: one along the low-level westerly jet over the Indian Ocean and the other along the gyre of monsoon trough over the South China Sea. Compared with that during the period 1951–2002, the dipole is enhanced from northern India to the Indian Ocean and weakened over the Indochina Peninsula during the period 2003–2015. Although the Lagrangian analysis shows that the trajectory of air masses is displaced southward to the Indian Ocean, the intensified low-level westerly jet increases the evaporation of water from the ocean and thus not only enhances the water channel over the Indian Ocean but also yields a parallel water channel over the Bay of Bengal. In contrast, in spite of the increased trajectory density of air masses over the South China Sea, the lingering of air mass suppresses the evaporation of water and thus provides a declined contribution to the extreme precipitation during 2003–2015.

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Section: Change In Water Vapor Transportsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in Extreme Precipitation Over Indochina Under Climate Change From a Lagrangian Perspective of Water Vapor

et al. 2021

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“…However, Rodwell and Hoskins (1995) estimated that 60%-80% of moisture transported by the SLLJ is from the southern hemisphere subtropical high. Stojanovic et al (2021) showed that the Bay of Bengal is the most important moisture source for part of South-East Asia during the dry season (May-October) and the South China Sea is the most important moisture source during the dry season (November-April), consistent with the flux-weighted density maps in Figure 12.…”

Section: 𝑿𝑿𝑿𝑿supporting

confidence: 79%

A Lagrangian Perspective on the Atlantic and Pacific Precipitation‐Evaporation Asymmetry

Craig,

Ferreira,

Methven

2023

JGR Atmospheres

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Total precipitation minus evaporation (P − E) for the Atlantic is negative while it is approximately neutral for the Pacific. This has frequently been attributed to westward Atlantic‐to‐Pacific moisture flux across Central America. However, this Eulerian perspective has limited scope as it does not consider the origins of the water crossing ocean drainage basin boundaries and the possibility that it has remote sources. By using an airmass trajectory model, we take a Lagrangian approach to investigate the origin of the moisture contributing to fluxes, Qn, across these boundaries. Qn is partitioned into contributions from each basin, the stratosphere and trajectories not assigned an origin. The total Qn across each basin boundary are mainly composed of contributions from the two adjacent basins while remote or stratospheric origins make small contributions. Partitioning Qn shows that the atmosphere exports ∼1 Sv water vapor from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific basins with a similar quantity imported to the Pacific. However, Atlantic and Indian atmospheric imports are ∼0.5–0.6 Sv. Normalizing by drainage basin perimeters reveals that the import to these basins is half as efficient as Pacific import. Partitioning P − E into contributions from other basins shows that Pacific moisture import is dominated by trajectories with Indian basin origin (∼38%, or 0.43 Sv, of total Pacific import). The import is greatest in boreal summer due to the Asian monsoon flow and stronger westward flux across Central America. These anomalies dominate the difference in annual imports between the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian basins.

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“…For this reason, the SPEI (Vicente-Serrano et al, 2010) was utilised, which includes the role of temperature through AED in the assessment of drought. Besides, the SPEI has been widely used, demonstrating its usefulness for the most realistic representation of dry conditions that affect a given region (Hernandez and Uddameri, 2014;Wang et al, 2015;Ghebrezgabher et al, 2016;Delbiso et al, 2017;Stojanovic et al, 2018;Drumond et al, 2019;Tefera et al, 2019;Sorí et al, 2020;Stojanovic et al, 2021b).…”

Section: Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation Moisture Sources of Ethiopian River Basins and Their Role During Drought Conditions

et al. 2022

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In this study, we identified and investigated the annual climatological moisture sources for the Ethiopian river basins during 1980–2018. First, according to cluster analysis, the 12 river basins of this country were grouped into four regions: northeast (NE), southeast (SE), southwest (SW), and west (W), which were characterised by similar annual precipitation features. Global outputs from the Lagrangian FLEXPART model were used to investigate the air mass humidity gain before reaching each region. This revealed five main oceanic moisture sources located in the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and the Arabian Sea, in addition to three main terrestrial moisture sources located in the African continent, Arabian Peninsula, and the regions themselves. Once the main climatological sources of moisture for each region were identified, a forward-in-time analysis of air masses over each source was performed to calculate the moisture contribution to precipitation (E – P) < 0 over the defined regions. The most important source at the annual scale for the NE, SW, and W regions is the African continent, while for the SE, it is the Indian Ocean. Indeed, terrestrial moisture sources are the major contributors (>50%) to the precipitation over the NE, SW, and W, whereas oceanic sources are the major contributors to the SE. Another analysis identified the years affected by drought conditions in the regions. The role of the sources was evaluated for those years affected by severe and extreme drought, revealing the heterogeneous and also direct influences on the regions. Finally, according to the normalised difference vegetation index, the impacts of annual severe and extreme droughts were more prominent in areas of the NE and SE, but also in the SW during 1984.

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Tracking the origins of moisture over Vietnam: The role of moisture sources and atmospheric drivers on seasonal hydroclimatic conditions

Cited by 6 publications

References 79 publications

Change in Extreme Precipitation Over Indochina Under Climate Change From a Lagrangian Perspective of Water Vapor

Change in Extreme Precipitation Over Indochina Under Climate Change From a Lagrangian Perspective of Water Vapor

A Lagrangian Perspective on the Atlantic and Pacific Precipitation‐Evaporation Asymmetry

Precipitation Moisture Sources of Ethiopian River Basins and Their Role During Drought Conditions

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