Tracking the progression of bronze disease – A synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of nantokite hydrolysis

Grayburn, Rosie; Dowsett, Mark; Hand, Matthew; Sabbe, Pieter-Jan; Thompson, Paul; Adriaens, Annemie

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2014.11.021

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It should be noted that cuprite layer on the surface of bronze is not completely stable. SEM measurements show that the corrosion product layer is relatively loose making it possible for the aggressive media to penetrate the layer reaching the cuprite/bronze interface, 42 especially after a long‐term immersion. In the case of weak acidity and in the presence of Cl − ions cuprite can dissolve forming

{CuCl}_{2}^{-}

40,43,44 :

{Cu}_{2} normalO goodbreak+ 4 {Cl}^{-} goodbreak+ 2 H^{+} \to 2 {CuCl}_{2}^{-} goodbreak+ H_{2} normalO

{CuCl}_{2}^{-}

complex formed in the inner layer of corrosion products would diffuse into the bulk solution 33,45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion evolution of UNS C90300 bronze in simulated acid rain of Hong Kong

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2022

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Funding information China Overseas Building Construction LimitedCorrosion evolutions of UNS C90300 bronzes with and without artificial patina were investigated in the simulated acid rain of Hong Kong. The corrosion products mainly composed of cuprite were formed on the surface exhibiting slight protection for the bronze substrate. The ratios of Sn and Zn in the corrosion products are lower than in the alloy. The artificial patina effectively enhances the corrosion resistance of bronze substrate, even after 30 days of immersion. For both bare and patinated bronzes the Sn-and Zn-based species are absent in the outer layers of corrosion products, and Cu 2 O species in the outer layer can partially transform into Cu (II) ionic state due to the abundant supply of dissolved oxygen.

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{CuCl}_{2}^{-}

40,43,44 :

{Cu}_{2} normalO goodbreak+ 4 {Cl}^{-} goodbreak+ 2 H^{+} \to 2 {CuCl}_{2}^{-} goodbreak+ H_{2} normalO

{CuCl}_{2}^{-}

complex formed in the inner layer of corrosion products would diffuse into the bulk solution 33,45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion evolution of UNS C90300 bronze in simulated acid rain of Hong Kong

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2022

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…Apparently, they had been exposed to a different corrosion environment from the others. Assuming that they were originally recovered with nantokite (CuCl) on the surface, the immersion in distilled water would have decomposed the nantokite, leaving cuprite behind which explains the lack of chlorine and the high oxygen level (Grayburn et al, 2015;MacLeod, 1981). Fig.…”

Section: Atomic Composition Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crystalline chemistry of the three surfaces is quite different as far as the balance of corrosion products present is concerned, which is expected in the case of the fully cleaned and conserved link MR81A1436, but which shows that the corrosion environment of MR82A6000 was different from that of MR81A2249. It is also worth remembering that very simple remedial treatment on recovery such as soaking in water can effectively remove chlorides and convert nantokite (CuCl) to cuprite (Cu 2 O) (Grayburn et al, 2015;Macleod, 1981), especially on small artefacts where there is no great thickness of metal to absorb seawater.…”

Section: Mr81a2249mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron X-ray diffraction investigation of the surface condition of artefacts from King Henry VIII's warship the Mary Rose

Dowsett¹,

Sabbe²,

Anjos³

et al. 2020

J Synchrotron Radiat

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Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) measured on the XMaS beamline at the ESRF was used to characterize the alloy composition and crystalline surface corrosion of three copper alloy Tudor artefacts recovered from the undersea wreck of King Henry VIII's warship the Mary Rose. The XRD method adopted has a dynamic range $1:10 5 and allows reflections <0.002% of the height of major reflections in the pattern to be discerned above the background without smoothing. Laboratory XRD, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and X-ray excited optical luminescence-X-ray near-edge absorption structure were used as supporting techniques, and the combination revealed structural and compositional features of importance to both archaeology and conservation. The artefacts were brass links believed to be fragments of chainmail and were excavated from the seabed during 1981 and 1982. Their condition reflects very different treatment just after recovery, viz. complete cleaning and conservation, chemical corrosion inhibition and chloride removal only, and distilled water soaking only (to remove the chlorides). The brass composition has been determined for all three at least in the top 7 mm or so as Cu(73%)Zn(27%) from the lattice constant. Measurement of the peak widths showed significant differences in the crystallite size and microstrain between the three samples. All of the links are found to be almost chloride-free with the main corrosion products being spertiniite, sphalerite, zincite, covellite and chalcocite. The balance of corrosion products between the links reflects the conservation treatment applied to one and points to different corrosion environments for the other two. research papers 654 Dowsett et al. Surface condition of artefacts from the Mary Rose

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“…This corrosion process is caused by the interaction between copper and chloride ions in presence of oxygen and at high relative humidity producing nantokite (CuCl) [2]. The formation of nantokite in the presence of air and moisture causes a cyclic corrosion process that produces a green powdery layer of copper hydroxychlorides Cu 2 (OH) 3 Cl on the artworks [3][4][5]. This corrosion product has three main polymorphic crystal forms: atacamite, clinoatacamite and botallackite [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a bio-based corrosion inhibitor versus benzotriazole on corroded copper surfaces

et al. 2018

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This research aims to characterize and compare the protective behaviour of a bio-based treatment versus benzotriazole (BTA) for the preservation of copper-based artefacts affected by active corrosion induced by copper chlorides. For this, the treatments were applied on artificial copper hydroxychlorides produced on copper sample. Their inhibition performance was then investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Results showed few BTA-Cu complexes formed and poor protectiveness of the BTA treatments. In contrast, the bio-based treatment resulted in the conversion of almost all copper hydroxychlorides into copper oxalates, providing a more efficient corrosion inhibition.

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Tracking the progression of bronze disease – A synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of nantokite hydrolysis

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Corrosion evolution of UNS C90300 bronze in simulated acid rain of Hong Kong

Corrosion evolution of UNS C90300 bronze in simulated acid rain of Hong Kong

Synchrotron X-ray diffraction investigation of the surface condition of artefacts from King Henry VIII's warship the Mary Rose

Comparison of a bio-based corrosion inhibitor versus benzotriazole on corroded copper surfaces

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