“…When measuring financial performance, rentability indicators such as ROE, ROE, ROI, etc. are used (Alkaraan et al, 2023;Bartolacci et al, 2018;Bogdan et al, 2022;Dong et al, 2022;Hategan et al, 2021;Ionaşcu & Ionaşcu, 2018;Mazzucchelli et al, 2022;Sarfraz et al, 2022) or Tobin's Q (Ioannidis et al, 2021;Ionaşcu & Ionaşcu, 2018;Johl & Toha, 2021). However, in regard to measuring CE implementation, there is almost no agreement here.…”