Tract-Based Spatial Statistics of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Adults with Dyslexia

Richards, Todd L.; Stevenson, John K.; Crouch, J.; Johnson, L. Clark; Maravilla, K R; Stock, Pat; Abbott, Robert D.; Berninger, Virginia W.

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a1007

Cited by 71 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As previously mentioned, Richards et al (2008) found greater FA in the left and right cerebellum in a group of individuals with dyslexia relative to typical readers. This study was limited by lack of regional segmentation but it represents an important area for future research.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…In the only published DTI study which included the cerebellum, Richards et al (2008) also conducted a whole-brain DTI study of fathers of children in a familial study of dyslexia, 14 with dyslexia and 7 without dyslexia. Typical readers had greater FA in language-related white matter tracts (28 bilateral frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital areas as defined by Anatomical Automatic Labeling (AAL) atlas boundaries and an additional 7 by DTI atlas boundaries).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, 9 regions showed greater FA for the group with dyslexia, including the left and right cerebellum (using the AAL atlas) and middle cerebellar peduncle (using the DTI atlas boundaries). The presence of greater FA raises the question of whether the cerebellum is somehow over-compensating for a weak reading network (Richards et al, 2008). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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White matter integrity of cerebellar-cortical tracts in reading impaired children: A probabilistic tractography study

et al. 2016

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Little is known about the white matter integrity of cerebellar-cortical pathways in individuals with dyslexia. Building on previous findings of decreased volume in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum, we utilized novel cerebellar segmentation procedures and probabilistic tractography to examine tracts that connect the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and cortical regions typically associated with reading: the temporoparietal (TP), occipitotemporal (OT), and inferior frontal (IF) regions. The sample included 29 reading impaired children and 27 typical readers. We found greater fractional anisotropy (FA) for the poor readers in tracts connecting the cerebellum with TP and IF regions relative to typical readers. In the OT region, FA was greater for the older poor readers, but smaller for the younger ones. This study provides evidence for discrete, regionally-bound functions of the cerebellum and suggests that projections from the anterior cerebellum appear to have a regulatory effect on cortical pathways important for reading.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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White matter integrity of cerebellar-cortical tracts in reading impaired children: A probabilistic tractography study

et al. 2016

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“…At the level of neuroanatomy, some studies have reported a reversal of asymmetry (RH larger than LH) in the planum temporale in individuals with RD, although the evidence for this is somewhat mixed (Geschwind & Levitsky, 1968; Hynd, Semrud-Clikeman, Lorys, Novey, & Eliopulos, 1990; Larsen, Høien, Lundberg, & Odegarrd, 1990; Rumsey et al, 1997; Schultz et al, 1994). Reduced gray and white matter development in LH regions for RD readers have also been frequently reported (e.g., Beaulieu et al, 2005; Deutsch et al, 2005; Eckert, 2004; Keller & Just, 2009; Klingberg et al, 2000; Niogi & McCandliss, 2006; Richards et al, 2008; Rollins et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Neural correlates of language and non-language visuospatial processing in adolescents with reading disability

Diehl

Frost

Sherman³

et al. 2014

NeuroImage

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Despite anecdotal evidence of relative visuospatial processing strengths in individuals with reading disability (RD), only a few studies have assessed the presence or the extent of these putative strengths. The current study examined the cognitive and neural bases of visuospatial processing abilities in adolescents with RD relative to typically developing (TD) peers. Using both cognitive tasks and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) we contrasted printed word recognition with non-language visuospatial processing tasks. Behaviorally, lower reading skill was related to a visuospatial processing advantage (shorter latencies and equivalent accuracy) on a geometric figure processing task, similar to findings shown in two published studies. FMRI analyses revealed key group by task interactions in patterns of cortical and subcortical activation, particularly in frontostriatal networks, and in the distributions of right and left hemisphere activation on the two tasks. The results are discussed in terms of a possible neural tradeoff in visuospatial processing in RD.

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“…There are first reports suggesting abnormalities of the left hemisphere tracts that connect occipito-temporal brain regions engaged by visual-orthographic processes with temporo-parietal and the left inferior frontal areas engaged by phonological processes (e.g. Beaulieu et al, 2005;Deutsch et al, 2005;Richards et al, 2008). Consistent with impaired phonological-orthographic connectivity in dyslexic readers are functional imaging findings-some with German dyslexic readers van der Mark et al, 2009;Wimmer et al, in press)-which showed reduced reading-related activation in a left ventral occipito-temporal brain region, which is assumed to function as interface between high-level visual orthographic codes and phonology and meaning.…”

Section: A New Hypothesis: Dyslexia Resulting From Reduced Orthographmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslexia in regular orthographies: manifestation and causation

2010

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This article summarizes our research on the manifestation of dyslexia in German and on cognitive deficits, which may account for the severe reading speed deficit and the poor orthographic spelling performance that characterize dyslexia in regular orthographies. An only limited causal role of phonological deficits (phonological awareness, phonological STM, and rapid naming) for the emergence of reading fluency and spelling deficits is inferred from two large longitudinal studies with assessments of phonology before learning to read. A review of our cross-sectional studies provides no support for several cognitive deficits (visual-attention deficit, magnocellular dysfunction, skill automatization deficit, and visual-sequential memory deficit), which were proposed as alternatives to the phonological deficit account. Finally, a revised version of the phonological deficit account in terms of a dysfunction in orthographic-phonological connectivity is proposed.

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Tract-Based Spatial Statistics of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Adults with Dyslexia

Cited by 71 publications

References 23 publications

White matter integrity of cerebellar-cortical tracts in reading impaired children: A probabilistic tractography study

White matter integrity of cerebellar-cortical tracts in reading impaired children: A probabilistic tractography study

Neural correlates of language and non-language visuospatial processing in adolescents with reading disability

Dyslexia in regular orthographies: manifestation and causation

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