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Asian Development Bank InstituteThe Working Paper series is a continuation of the formerly named Discussion Paper series; the numbering of the papers continued without interruption or change. ADBI's working papers reflect initial ideas on a topic and are posted online for discussion. ADBI encourages readers to post their comments on the main page for each working paper (given in the citation below). Some working papers may develop into other forms of publication. The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADBI, ADB, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.Working papers are subject to formal revision and correction before they are finalized and considered published.Asian Development Bank Institute Kasumigaseki Building 8F 3-2-5 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-6008, JapanTel.:+81-3-3593-5500 Fax:+81-3-3593-5571 URL:www.adbi.org E-mail: info@adbi.org © 2015 Asian Development Bank Institute ADBI Working Paper 553 Ismail and Mahyideen
AbstractInfrastructure plays a key role in facilitating trade, especially since recent trade liberalization in Asia has resulted in significant tariff reductions. This study quantifies the impacts of both hard and soft infrastructure on trade volume for exporters and importers in the region as well as on various economic growth indicators.Results demonstrate that improvements in transport infrastructure (i.e., the road density network, air transport, railways, ports, and logistics) have resulted in increased trade flows. Information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure has also enhanced trade, as the numbers of telephone lines, mobile phones, broadband access, internet users, and secure internet servers are found to have positive trade effects for both exporters and importers in Asia. Thus, although more attention has traditionally been given to hard infrastructure, the impact of soft infrastructure on trade flows must also be more thoroughly examined.