Trade-Offs among Sensing, Reporting, and Transmission in Cooperative CRNs

Abstract

Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) has been verified as an effective approach to improve the sensing performances of cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Compared with existing works that commonly consider fusion with fixed inputs and neglect the duration of the reporting period in the design, we novelly investigate a fundamental trade-off among three periods of CSS: sensing, reporting, and transmission periods, and evaluate the impact of the fusion rule with a varying number of local sensing results. To be specific, the sensing time could be traded for additional mini-slots to report more local sensing results for fusion, or it could be traded for longer transmission time. In the CRNs with a given durations of sensing/reporting/transmission periods, we, respectively, formulate the throughput and collision probability and optimize the throughput under the collision constraint. The theoretical results show that, in the specific value intervals of the sensing parameters, the collision constraint provides an upper bound of the number of mini-slots in the reporting period or a lower bound of the sensing duration. We provide the approach to the maximum throughput in some cases.Finally, numerical results are presented to validate theoretical results.

Cognitive Radio with Machine Learning to Increase Spectral Efficiency in Indoor Applications on the 2.5 GHz Band

“…For the past several years, it has been possible to find examples of works that attempt to address how a CR can operate opportunistically in channels used by different PUs, where spectrum sensing is an essential component. CR, DSA, and ML algorithms are powerful techniques for designing a promising spectrum sensing model to improve IoT on the licensed spectrum [ 2 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 17 ]. For example, in [ 5 ] the authors used the licensed spectrum with the supervised ML algorithms support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and decision tree (DT) to detect the existence of primary users (PUs) over the television band.…”

“…This allows secondary users (SUs) to use the spectrum vacancy to transmit. In other words, SUs dynamically accesses the licensed spectrum when (or where) it is temporally available [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”