Trade or diplomacy? Assyria and Dilmun in the eighteenth century BC

Eidem, Jesper; Højlund, Flemming

doi:10.1080/00438243.1993.9980218

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Known from the Mari archives, the famous ‘expedition’ ( harrānum ) of high‐ranking ‘envoys’ from Dilmun dated c. 1777–1775 BC (Eidem & Højlund, 1993; Ziegle, 2008, pp. 253–259) documents that Dilmunites travelled the more than 1600 km Dilmun‐Šubat Enlil route.…”

Section: Donkey Trains—before the Camel (Dromedaries)mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Dilmun to Wādī al‐Fāw: A forgotten desert corridor, c. 2000 BC

Laursen

al‐Otaibi

2022

Arab Archaeol Epigr

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There is a lacuna of knowledge on the inland trade routes across Bronze Age central Arabia, which this article seeks to fill based on new evidence from Wādī al‐Fāw, Saudi Arabia. Contrary to a common belief that interior Southeast Arabia after the Holocene Humid Phase and until the domestication of the dromedary had turned desolate Badlands, this study offers documentation that during the early Bronze Age, a commercial corridor connected the Kingdom of Dilmun on the Arabian Gulf coast with the southern parts of Saudi Arabia, probably Yemen. Seals of Dilmun Type, Dilmun pottery and related burial praxis make up the gist of the evidence from Wādī al‐Fāw. A dry mummification mound burial custom is possibly identified at al‐Fāw and probably Taymāʾ, which contrasts the classic Dilmun mound burial custom. An attempt is made to reconstruct the most likely route that connected Dilmun and Wādī al‐Fāw. The emergence around 2000 BC of this trade network, likely based on donkey trains, closely coincides with the rise of the Kingdom of Dilmun, but surprisingly also with a time when Arabia witnessed unusually arid conditions. Identification of this unexpected ancient corridor should profoundly affect how upcoming models consider linguistic, ideological, genetic, cultural and technological transmission across Bronze Age Arabia.

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Section: Donkey Trains—before the Camel (Dromedaries)mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Dilmun to Wādī al‐Fāw: A forgotten desert corridor, c. 2000 BC

Laursen

al‐Otaibi

2022

Arab Archaeol Epigr

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“…From the meagre textual record relating to the political organisation of Dilmun society, is a letter of late ED III date found at Girsu that mentions a Queen of Lagash as the recipient of gifts from a Queen of Dilmun (Glassner 2002: 340; Selz 1989: 93). Half a millennium later we find a reference to a king of Dilmun in the Mari archives, to whom oil was issued and a special jar ( kisikkûm ) was sent late in the reign of Shamshi‐Adad ( c. 1813–1781 BC) (Groneberg 1992; Eidem & Højlund 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Dilmun and its rulers: new evidence of the burial mounds of the elite and the development of social complexity, c. 2200–1750 BC

Laursen

2008

Arab Archaeol Epigr

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This paper deals with the social organisation of early Dilmun in Bahrain based on evidence from the burial mound record. Complete aerial photography survey and mapping have documented the extensive mound fields of Bahrain in their entirety and revealed a new and rare type of burial mound encircled by an outer ring wall. From the spatial distribution and appearance of these ‘ring mounds’ it is argued that they cover the time span 2200–1750 BC. It is further argued that the ring mounds reflect the entombment of a prominent segment of early Dilmun society and thus testify to the presence of a social elite as early as the late third millennium BC. The paper offers evidence supporting the view that fundamental changes in the size of the ring wall and the encircled mound occurred over time, culminating in the colossal ‘royal’ mounds near Aali village. The increase in size of the special mounds and the exclusive appearance of the type in the Aali cemetery after the emergence of ten concentrated cemeteries around 2050 BC are correlated with the already available evidence of increasing social complexity in Dilmun. Three clusters of ring mounds in Aali are argued to reflect the appearance of one or more ruling lineages that were ultimately to found the colony on Failaka, Kuwait, and rule not only Bahrain but also the adjacent coast of Saudi Arabia.

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“…; Cranmer-Byng/Wills 2011;Eidem/Hojlund 1993; Pigman 2015: 15ff. ;Samarrai 1980).Medientheoretisch lässt sich dieser Zusammenhang aber auch dahingehend interpretieren, dass die tauschförmige Wirtschaft stratifizierter Gesellschaften wesentlich leichter institutionalisiert werden kann als die Androhung militärischer Gewalt.…”

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Die Anerkennung von Grenzen

Youssef

2021

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Diplomatische Praktiken findet man sowohl in der modernen Weltgesellschaft als auch in Stammes- und Adelsgesellschaften. Dieses Buch untersucht und vergleicht sie erstmals systematisch aus soziologischer Perspektive. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die These, dass die Hauptbedingung jeder Diplomatie in der Anerkennung von Grenzen liegt. Darüber hinaus werden auch unkonventionelle Fragen beantwortet: Wie verhandelt man etwa mit rituellen Artefakten oder mit diplomatischen Hochstaplern? Kann Unhöflichkeit diplomatische Autonomie steigern? Und wie ermöglicht Spionage vertrauensvolle Diplomatie? https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Trade or diplomacy? Assyria and Dilmun in the eighteenth century BC

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

From Dilmun to Wādī al‐Fāw: A forgotten desert corridor, c. 2000 BC

From Dilmun to Wādī al‐Fāw: A forgotten desert corridor, c. 2000 BC

Early Dilmun and its rulers: new evidence of the burial mounds of the elite and the development of social complexity, c. 2200–1750 BC

Die Anerkennung von Grenzen

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