Trade protectionism: reasons and outcomes

Abboushi, Suhail

doi:10.1108/10595421011080760

Cited by 33 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It has been shown that all countries, with both young and developing democracies, as well as old and developed ones, are likely to suffer from rules and regulations that are passed by the minority who have won the elections (Hashmi, 2018). For instance, it has been shown that free trade agreements are for the profit of all nations, protectionist laws in the US are enacted to further restrict free trade in favor of only some industries and at a loss to the public (Abboushi, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fall 2019 25 quotas, that have been enacted by politicians to support a small group's interests rather than supporting the public's welfare (Abboushi, 2010;Hill & Hult, 2018). Under such conditions, owners of certain industries would support candidates that had pro-protectionist trade laws (Abboushi, 2010), and the owners would, in turn, fund their political campaigns to win (Applyard & Field, 2014). It is worthy to note that such interest groups' investments in funding political campaigns are always less than the expected returns from that policy (Appleyard & Filed, 2014).…”

Section: How Small Interest Groups Can Influence Political Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Small Interest Groups Can Win the Outcome of Elections and Polls: Lessons for Countries with Modern and Developing Democracies

Salami¹

2019

WIJAR

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It might sound perfectly obvious that in a real democracy, the majority’s interests will always win against the interests of the minority. Unfortunately, in reality, this is not the case. Small interest groups can determine the outcome of elections and enact policies that favor their own interests, rather than those of the majority. This paper identifies how, contrary to the median-voter’s model, small interest groups can win, if information asymmetries exist. Additionally, if gains and losses asymmetries are present and opportunity costs are involved for the voter, the same phenomena can occur. This article focuses on the role of interest groups in elections in democratic countries, explaining how they can enact policies that are against the public’s will.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Small Interest Groups Can Influence Political Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Small Interest Groups Can Win the Outcome of Elections and Polls: Lessons for Countries with Modern and Developing Democracies

Salami¹

2019

WIJAR

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“…Implementing trade measures can be also explained by infant industry argument and strategic trade policy theory. Emerging new industry (infant industry) is protected by the application of production subsidies on domestic production, as well as by imposing tariffs on imports and import quotas which should be reduced over the time [51][52][53][54][55][56]. Strategic interactions between the firms influence on active government intervention and create an opportunity for the government's action.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Trade Disputes over Renewable Energy—the Case of the Solar Photovoltaic Sector

Hajdukiewicz

Pera

2020

Energies

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The development of the renewable energy industry is a priority of economic policies in many countries, since it is viewed as one of the key growth sectors in the economy, playing also a very important role in mitigating climate change. At the international level, renewable energy is an issue of international cooperation but also an area of high trade tensions between countries. The main goal of this paper is to examine the nature and sources of recent trade disputes in the solar photovoltaic sector, which is the most dynamically growing sector in the green energy industry. In particular, the paper explores the links between the contemporary trade disputes and modern protectionism and between protectionist policies and practices and the export competitiveness in the growing sector of the economy. To achieve the aim of the study we explore in detail the WTO trade disputes over photovoltaic (PV) products, which occurred in the years 2007–2018. The products covered by the analysis were solar modules and cells classified under the HS code 854140. In our research we also used measures of descriptive statistics, hierarchical cluster analysis and revealed comparative advantage indexes. Our key results demonstrate the existence of links between protectionist policy causing trade conflicts and the export competitiveness. The research has also allowed us to identify problems of future studies concerning the association between trade protectionism and global value chains in the solar energy sector.

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“…Moreover, their campaign funding contributions could attract a candidate's attention in terms of considering supporting the funding groups' views in the future, a rent seeking activity, as the small interest group would bear some costs that could be used for future benefits from a policy (Appleyard & Field, 2014). For instance, the results of such activities have been many protectionist trade policies, such as tariffs and quotas, that have been enacted by politicians to support a small group's interests rather than supporting the public's welfare (Abboushi, 2010;Hill & Hult, 2018). Under such conditions, owners of certain industries would support candidates that had pro-protectionist trade laws (Abboushi, 2010), and the owners would, in turn, fund their political campaigns to win (Applyard & Field, 2014).…”

Section: How Small Interest Groups Can Influence Political Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the results of such activities have been many protectionist trade policies, such as tariffs and quotas, that have been enacted by politicians to support a small group's interests rather than supporting the public's welfare (Abboushi, 2010;Hill & Hult, 2018). Under such conditions, owners of certain industries would support candidates that had pro-protectionist trade laws (Abboushi, 2010), and the owners would, in turn, fund their political campaigns to win (Applyard & Field, 2014).…”

Section: How Small Interest Groups Can Influence Political Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2019

WIJAR

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Bankruptcy law is created to protect debtors from the hands of creditors. This law ensures creditors repay loans by engaging in a particular process. The United States Congress has enacted a decree governing bankruptcy in the form of the Bankruptcy Code. The different types of bankruptcy will be referred to in this article by their chapters: Chapter 7, 11 and 13 (Justia, 2019). This article will identify the differences between these three chapters, their objectives, as well as the advantages and repercussions of each. Further, the non-dischargeable debts, recommendable actions for the filers, numbers of petitioners who have undergone bankruptcy cases, the financial ratio of the petitioners, the common denominator on the filers, and the methodology performed by the chief executive officer (CEO) of the four companies, Coldwater Creek, Kmart, SEARS and Toys "R" Us, will be analyzed. Additionally, the design and methodology for reviving each company that were implemented and applied by each CEO will be examined, and the reasons they were proven ineffective will be offered. By investing more, borrowing can become essential and, liabilities can grow beyond what could be repaid. This results in the filing of bankruptcy for protection from creditors. Bankruptcy Company Petitioners In this section, the methodologies and design applied by the chief executive officer(CEO) from several companies who filed for bankruptcy are presented and analyzed. The examples given and discussed in this article come from the petitioners, Coldwater Creek, Kmart, SEARS, Ultimate Electronics and Toys "R" Us. They all applied for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, the chapter which is commonly applied for by large organizations since it will help these companies to position themselves, if they decide to sell their business or assets as part of repayment (Armstrong, 2019). Also, it is advantageous to apply for the reorganization payment of debts knowing that the value of the long-term revenue will be higher compared to the liquidation value of the assets. The aforementioned companies did not qualify for Chapter 7 nor Chapter 13. The latter may only be filed by individuals, not by business partnerships or corporations. The former is ideally filed by a sole proprietor to liquidate the assets without intention to continue operating a business. Unlike the subject petitioners, the companies used within this article decided to remain in business while the reorganization of debt payment was ongoing. Another common denominator which could be noticed from all their cases is that they invested more by borrowing more while their income and assets hardly improved. Coldwater Creek, a woman's clothing retailer and women's catalogs producer, was unstable since 2007. In order to survive in the fashion industry, the president and CEO, Jill Dean, put his concentration on developing an ad merchandising strategy, which was not appealing to the market or to their existing clients. Though they already cost-cut expenses by closing more than 50 stores, which saved the company $10...

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Trade protectionism: reasons and outcomes

Cited by 33 publications

References 11 publications

How Small Interest Groups Can Win the Outcome of Elections and Polls: Lessons for Countries with Modern and Developing Democracies

How Small Interest Groups Can Win the Outcome of Elections and Polls: Lessons for Countries with Modern and Developing Democracies

International Trade Disputes over Renewable Energy—the Case of the Solar Photovoltaic Sector

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