Trade Unions, Bargaining Coverage and Low Pay: A Multilevel Test of Institutional Effects on Low-Pay Risk in Germany

Abstract

Employment relations scholars argue that industrial relations institutions reduce low pay among the workforce, while the insider-outsider literature claims that unions contribute to increase the low-pay risk among non-union members. This article tests these expectations by distinguishing, respectively, between the individual effect of being a union member or covered by collective agreements and the sectoral effect of strong trade unions or encompassing collective agreements. Findings from multilevel logistic regression analyses of the German Socio-Economic Panel reveal that unions and bargaining coverage have distinct effects at individual and sectoral level. The analysis of their cross-level interactions provides partial support to both the insider-outsider approach, since non-union members are more exposed to the risk of low pay in highly unionized sectors, and to the power resource perspectives, since the probability of being in low pay in sectors with encompassing collective agreements decreases also for those workers who are not covered by them.

The welfare state and support for environmental action in Europe

“…Third, the temporality of the potential trade-offs between welfare state spending and environmental policies is not fully resolved. Fourth, trade union organizations and wage bargaining institutions could also in principle help address the insecurity of certain workers’ groups (see Benassi and Vlandas, 2015 and 2021).…”

The European Participation Index (EPI) and inequality: a multi-dimensional cross-national comparative measure of worker participation

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Does collective bargaining reduce health inequalities between labour market insiders and outsiders?

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