Traditional Applications, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Eupatorium lindleyanum DC.: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. (EL) has a long history of traditional use in China to cure coughs, chronic bronchitis, lobar pneumonia, and hypertension. Because of this extensive use of EL in traditional medicine, this present review gives a systematic overview of the conventional applications, phytochemistry, and pharmacological effects of the herb. Literature was systematically searched using the scientific databases ScienceDirect, SciFinder, CNKI, Wiley, Baidu Scholar, SpringerLink, PubMed, Web of Science, and other professional websites. Information was also gathered from books on traditional Chinese herbal medicine, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Chinese Materia Medica. To date, many preparations of EL have been widely used clinically to treat various diseases of the respiratory system. More than 100 compounds have been isolated from the herb, including triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, acyclic diterpenoids, sterols, and so on. Among them, terpenoids are considered to be the most important bioactive substances in EL. The pharmacological functions of EL, including anti-asthmatic, anti-tussive, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-virus, and anti-tumor activities, have been widely investigated. However, most of the studies are preclinical research. Further studies are required to examine the underlying mechanisms of action. Traditionally, EL is used for treating many diseases, especially respiratory diseases. Unfortunately, up to now, modern studies have not yet well elucidated the conventional usage of EL. Most importantly, its biological activities and the corresponding constituents are still unclear. Moreover, studies on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of EL are few, so data on the clinical safety of EL are lacking. Taken together, research work on EL is quite preliminary. More in-depth studies of phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of the herb are needed. This review aims to provide valuable information on EL to guide future investigations and applications.

Characterization of the metabolism of eupalinolide A and B by carboxylesterase and cytochrome P450 in human liver microsomes

“…Eupalinolide A (EA) and eupalinolide B (EB), a pair of cis-trans isomers ( Figure 1 ), are bioactive sesquiterpenoids found in Eupatorii Lindleyani Herba ( Wang X. et al, 2020 ). As potential drug candidates, these isomers have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects ( Zhang et al, 2022a ; Zhang et al, 2022b ; Yang et al, 2022 ).…”

Eupalinolide A induces autophagy via the ROS/ERK signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo

“…Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. (EL), also called 'Yemazhui', is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat cough and chronic bronchitis in China for several thousands of years ( 8 ). Scientists have isolated >100 compounds from EL, including sesquiterpenes, diterpenoids, triterpenoids and volatile oils, and sesquiterpenes are one of the most abundant ingredients.…”

Prediction Targets of a Novel Sesquiterpene Lactone From Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. Against Viral Pneumonia Using Computational Pharmacology

“…11 Importantly, EL preparations, such as Eupatorium Kechuan powder and Yemazhui capsule, are clinically applied to treat respiratory diseases. 7 F1012-2 is a novel, active, sesquiterpene lactone fraction isolated from EL. In our previous study, we reported that F1012-2 had significant anticancer activities.…”

“…(EL), also called "Yemazhui," has the effects of "clearing heat to remove toxicity," and is widely used to treat cough and chronic bronchitis for various ages in China. 7 A great number of studies have proved that EL has many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, 8,9 antiviral, 10 and anti-inflammatory. 11 Importantly, EL preparations, such as Eupatorium Kechuan powder and Yemazhui capsule, are clinically applied to treat respiratory diseases.…”