Traditional Chinese medicine Euodiae Fructus: botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and quality control

Abstract

Euodiae Fructus, referred to as “Wuzhuyu” in Chinese, has been used as local and traditional herbal medicines in many regions, especially in China, Japan and Korea, for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, headache, emesis, aphtha, dermatophytosis, dysentery, etc. Substantial investigations into their chemical and pharmacological properties have been performed. Recently, interest in this plant has been focused on the different structural types of alkaloids like evodiamine, rutaecarpine, dehydroevodiamine and 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone, which exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities in preclinical models, such as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cardiovascular disease, etc. This review summarizes the up-to-date and comprehensive information concerning the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology of Euodiae Fructus together with the toxicology and quality control, and discusses the possible direction and scope for future research on this plant.

Bitter yet beneficial: The dual role of dietary alkaloids in managing diabetes and enhancing cognitive function

“…Evodiamine (EVD), a significant indoloquinazoline alkaloid derived from Evodia rutaecarpa, has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine, being used for various ailments. 97 Notably, it displays specific inhibition of BChE. 98 The exact structural elements responsible for its anticholinesterase activity are still unclear, warranting further research.…”

Evodiamine Alleviates 2,4-Dinitro-1-Chloro-Benzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like Symptoms in BALB/c Mice

“…The dried, unripe fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham (Rutaceae) has been used to treat epilepsy, emesis, dermatophytosis, dysentery, gastrointestinal disorders, and headaches [17].…”

“…Life 2024, 14, 494 2 of 11 As alkaloidal compounds found in Evodia fruits, evodiamine and rutaecarpine have shown a number of pharmacological properties in preclinical models, including anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-cardiovascular, anti-diabetic, insecticide, and neuroprotective effects [17]. Shin et al found that evodiamine and rutaecarpine inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rat RBL-2H3 cells induced by immunoglobulin E-antigen complexes, resulting in the antagonism of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis [18].…”