Traditional Cryotherapy Treatments are More Effective than Game Ready® on Medium Setting at Decreasing Sinus Tarsi Tissue Temperatures in Uninjured Subjects

Hawkins, Jeremy R.; Shurtz, Joseph; Spears, C P

doi:10.4172/2324-9080.1000101

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, 20-minutes after application in the anterior and lateral regions of the ankle, the subjects in the CWI and CGRC groups performed better than those in the IP group, which always exhibited higher SST values. These results contradict those by Kennet, Hardaker, Hobbs, & Selfe [26] and Hawkins, Shurtz, & Spears [9] who found lower temperatures after applying a ice pack compared to compression therapy. It is believed that greater rewarming after ice pack application may have occurred due to the lack of compression and worse contact between the skin and ice [21].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

“…However, its results are directly associated with the technique used, application time, decrease in skin temperature, and depth of cold penetration [4]. Among the cryotherapy techniques the ice pack is a low-cost device which is easily accessible, causing a reduction in tissue temperature and physiological changes to at least one centimeter [5,6], the cold water immersion (CWI) allows a greater body area to be exposed to cold [7], maintaining tissue cooling for longer and providing increased analgesia [8] and cryotherapy with intermittent compression can deliver similar results [9,10]. The literature shows that cryotherapy with intermittent compression is widely used for recovery of ligament injuries [11], total knee arthroplasty [12] and reduction in post-operative pain [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have aimed to evaluate the differences between the application of cryotherapy techniques, with divergent methods and contradictory results [10,16,17]. In addition, Hawkins and Hawkins [18] reported that sports physical therapists applied cryotherapy with great variability for acute or sub-acute ankle sprain and that efforts need to be made to substantiate the evidence of cryotherapy application [19]. Thus, little is known about the differences between the applications of an ice pack, cold water immersion, and cryotherapy associated with intermittent compression for the purpose of…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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"Effects of Different Cryotherapy Techniques on Skin Surface Temperature, Agility and Balance - Comparison Between Cold Water Immersion, Game Ready®, And Ice Pack: A Randomised Clinical Trial"

Macedo

2021

BJSTR

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Cryotherapy is widely used for the treatment of acute soft tissue lesion, however, its results are directly associated with the technique used.Approach: To establish differences between the application of cryotherapy techniques on the ankle joint.Purpose: This is a randomized clinical trial. Twenty young and physically active participants (10 men and 10 women) participated in the study. The analysis of superficial skin temperature (SST) of the anterior, lateral, and posterior regions of the ankle, agility performance, and dynamic balance after the application of cold water immersion (CWI), cryotherapy+Game Ready® compression (CGRC), or ice pack (IP) was performed. Rewarming and agility and balance performance were analyzed up to 30 minutes after interventions. Results:The CWI demonstrated lower SST (p<0.01) for all regions of the ankle; followed by the CGRC and IP. The CWI and CGRC provided better cooling up to 30 minutes (p<0.01) in the anterior region of the ankle. The CWI and CGRC groups showed greater cooling of the posterior region of the ankle up to 10 minutes (p=0.02). The CWI group performed worst in agility. No changes were observed in dynamic balance. Conclusions:The CWI and CGRC groups performed better in decreasing SST in all regions of the ankle. The CWI group demonstrated reduced agility performance. Dynamic balance was not altered. These results may contribute to the choice of the best cryotherapy technique, to be used in clinical practice as recovery after exercise or for treatment of acute injuries.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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"Effects of Different Cryotherapy Techniques on Skin Surface Temperature, Agility and Balance - Comparison Between Cold Water Immersion, Game Ready®, And Ice Pack: A Randomised Clinical Trial"

Macedo

2021

BJSTR

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“…The current scoping review supports earlier work, which highlights that poor agreement across multiple studies may be due to different combinations of cooling and compression applied and population groups investigated (Bleakley et al, 2004). Perhaps a limitation across some of the literature in this scoping review alludes to the inclusion of only healthy non-injured participants (Knobloch et al, 2006b;Hawkins et al, 2012;Rigby and Dye, 2017;Janwantanakul 2006Janwantanakul , 2009Holwerda et al, 2013;Kwiecien et al, 2019). It is important to consider that different results may occur in response to simultaneous cooling and compression between healthy and non-healthy (injured) tissues.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Cryotherapy and compression in sports injury management: a scoping review

Alexander

Greenhalgh

Selfe

et al. 2021

International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation

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Background/Aims For the management of sports injury, cryotherapy is commonly applied, yet modalities differ extensively in application including levels of compression. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the current position in the literature on contemporary cryo-compression applications for musculoskeletal sports injury management. Methods A total of eight databases were searched: Sport Discus, Science Direct, CINHAL, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest and MEDLINE. Publications were restricted to 30 years and had to be in the English language. Medical subject headings, free-text words, and limiting descriptors for concepts related to cryotherapy and compression for sports injury were applied. Inclusion criteria determined at least one modality of cryotherapy treatment applied simultaneous to compression or as a comparison, relevant to sports injury management. Modalities included cryo-compressive devices and gel/ice packs, in association with concomitant compression. Male, female, healthy and injured participants were included. Two reviewers independently selected eligible articles, resulting in 22 studies meeting the inclusion criteria following full-text appraisal. Results Inconsistent methodologies, low sample sizes and variability in outcome measures provided uncertainty over optimum protocols. A lack of previous understanding in the protocols in the available literature for isolated cryotherapy/compression applications prevents understanding of the therapeutic benefits of combined cryo-compression. No definitive agreement behind optimal cryo-compression applications were identified collectively from studies other than the consensus that compression aids the magnitude of cooling. Conclusions Although compression appears a useful adjunct to cooling modalities for the management of sports injury, no definitive agreement on optimum compression concurrent with cooling protocols were drawn from the studies. This was because of several methodological gaps in reporting throughout studies, highlighting a lack of studies that represent applications of compression and cryotherapy within a sporting context or applied nature within the available research.

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“…Although not explicitly stated in the instruction manual, the premise of this cyclic compression is to mimic muscle contraction, not to help lower the temperature. Contrary to these observations, other authors have found that CC is no different from traditional ice with bandage compression [65,66]. They observed a similar decreases in temperature between the groups.…”

Section: Muscle Painmentioning

confidence: 54%

Immediate Effect of Cryo-Compression Therapy on Biomechanical Properties and Perfusion of Forearm Muscles in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters

Trybulski,

Kużdżał,

Bichowska-Pawęska

et al. 2024

JCM

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Mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters use their arms and hands for striking with the fists, grappling, and defensive techniques, which puts a high load on the forearms and hand muscles. New methods are needed to decrease the risk of injury and increase the effectiveness of regeneration. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of cryo-compression (CC) therapy of different times (3 and 6 min) on forearm muscles in MMA fighters by investigating muscle pain, stiffness, tension, elasticity strength, and perfusion. Twenty professional male MMA fighters aged 26.5 ± 4.5 years, with training experience of 10.3 ± 5.0 years, were enrolled on an experimental within-group study design. The participants underwent CC therapy at a temperature of 3 °C and compression of 75 mmHg for 3 min and, in the second session, for 6 min. The investigated parameters were in the following order: (1) perfusion in non-reference units (PU), (2) muscle tone (T—[Hz]), (3) stiffness (S—[N/m]), (4) elasticity (E—[arb]), (5) pressure pain threshold (PPT—[N/cm]), and (6) maximum isometric force (Fmax [kgf]) at two time points: (1) at rest—2 min before CC therapy (pre) and (2) 2 min after CC therapy (post). There were significant differences between 3 and 6 min of CC therapy for PU and T. Meanwhile, F, E, PPT, and S were significantly different when comparing pre- to post-conditions. These results provide evidence that CC therapy is a stimulus that significantly affects parameters characterizing muscle biomechanical properties, pain threshold, strength, and tissue perfusion.

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Traditional Cryotherapy Treatments are More Effective than Game Ready® on Medium Setting at Decreasing Sinus Tarsi Tissue Temperatures in Uninjured Subjects

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

"Effects of Different Cryotherapy Techniques on Skin Surface Temperature, Agility and Balance - Comparison Between Cold Water Immersion, Game Ready®, And Ice Pack: A Randomised Clinical Trial"

"Effects of Different Cryotherapy Techniques on Skin Surface Temperature, Agility and Balance - Comparison Between Cold Water Immersion, Game Ready®, And Ice Pack: A Randomised Clinical Trial"

Cryotherapy and compression in sports injury management: a scoping review

Immediate Effect of Cryo-Compression Therapy on Biomechanical Properties and Perfusion of Forearm Muscles in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters

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