Traditional ecological knowledge of palms by quilombolas communities on the Brazil-Bolivia border, Meridional Amazon

Abstract

ResumoO trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o conhecimento ecológico tradicional dos quilombolas sobre a diversidade, ocorrência e o uso de palmeiras em Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, Mato Grosso. Usamos o método bola de neve, baseado no conhecimento de palmeiras para seleção dos entrevistados e técnica de lista livre. Realizamos 32 entrevistas em três comunidades quilombolas: Boqueirão, Retiro e Casalvasco e Manga. A lista livre mostrou 18 espécies de palmeiras conhecidas, babaçu (Attalea speciosa) foi citada por todos os entrevistados (100%), açaí (Euterpe precatoria) (94%), bocaiúva (Acrocomia aculeata) (81%), acuri (Attalea phalerata), buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.F.) (78%) e tucum (Astrocaryum huaimi) (75%). O consenso cultural ficou concentrado em sete espécies nativas. O conhecimento ecológico tradicional deste grupo social possibilita desenhar um programa participativo de uso sustentável dessas palmeiras em bases ecológicas e culturais. AbstractThe research had aim to study the traditional ecological knowledge of the quilombolas with regards to diversity, occurrence and use of palms in Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, Mato Grosso State. We used the snow ball method, based on knowledge of palms for selection of respondents and free list technique. We conducted 32 interviews in three quilombola communities: Boqueirão, Retiro and Casalvasco and Manga. A free list showed 18 known species of palms. Babassu palm (Attalea speciosa) cited by all interviewees (100%), Açaí palm (Euterpe precatoria) (94%), Bocaiúva (Acrocomia aculeate) (81%), Acuri (Attalea phalerata) and Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) (78%) and Tucum (Astrocaryum huaimi) (75%). The cultural consensus concentrated on seven native ones. The traditional ecological knowledge of this social group allows for the planning of a sustainable programme of participative usage of these palms on an ecological and cultural basis. Novos Cadernos NAEATraditional ecological knowledge of palms by quilombolas communities on the Brazil-Bolivia border, Meridional Amazon Conhecimento ecológico tradicional de palmeiras por comunidades quilombolas na fronteira Brasil-Bolívia, Amazônia Meridional

Vínculos entre los productos forestales no maderables y el turismo: el caso del laurel (Litsea glaucescens Kunth) en el Parque Nacional el Chico, Hidalgo, México

“…Se ha desarrollado una vasta literatura en torno a la relación de los PFNM con factores como su comercialización y beneficios económicos (Ruiz-Pérez et al, 2004;Alexiades y Shanley, 2004;Pulido et al 2010;Shackleton, 2015), el manejo de sus poblaciones (Casas et al, 2008;Arellanes et al, 2013;Blancas et al, 2013;Casas et al, 2016), los límites de cosecha (Ticktin et al, 2002;Martínez-Ballesté & Mandujano, 2013), los usos tradicionales (Arruda et al, 2014), o su dinámica poblacional (Pulido y Caballero, 2006). Sin embargo, como se mencionó, un aspecto poco evaluado son los efectos que pueden generar actividades económicas importantes como el desarrollo turístico (Pozas-Sáez & Henríquez-Zúñiga, 2013).…”

Non-timber Forest Products of Mauritia flexuosa L. f.: Loss or Permanence of TEK in Quilombola Communities of Southern Amazon?

“…The current paper analyzes the changes in use, loss of TEK and their relationship with diverse drivers related to external factors. We focus on the palm Mauritia flexuosa, one of the most important NTFP in the amazon, in terms of number of uses (Martins et al 2012), geographical range (Steegel et al 2013), current and past users (Santos & Coelho-Ferreira 2012, Barros & Da Silva 2013, Gilmore et al 2013, Arruda et al 2014. Additional studies to local and regional scales can help to understand the phenomena coined by Pulido & Coronel-Ortega (2015) as "use and disuse of non-timber forest products".…”

“…The family Arecaceae includes Amazon-wide hyperdominant palm tree species that support several human communities, providing important ecosystem services (Manzi & Coomes 2009, Santos & Coelho-Ferreira 2011, Steegel et al 2013, Gilmore et al 2013, Arruda et al 2014. A total of 2,700 palm tree species in 240 genera were cataloged worldwide, of which 282 species in 38 different genera are found in Brazil, 122 are considered endemic (Lorenzi et al 2010, Leitman et al 2015.…”

“…The main palm tree species used by human populations in Brazil are Euterpe oleraceai, Orbignya olerata, Astrocaryum aculeatum, and Mauritia flexuosa (Gonzalez-Perez et al 2012, Milanesi et al 2013, Barros & Da Silva 2013. However, Arecaceae is affected by deforestation and indiscriminate use in Brazil (Coradin & Lleras 1988, Byg & Balsley 2006, Arruda et al 2014.…”

“…The Quilombolas are descendants of African slaves who were shipped to Brazil by the Portuguese in the mid-17 th century and who have retained a traditional lifestyle. Currently, there are approximately 2,600 quilombos in Brazil, and their culture is significantly affected by changes in the environment and society, leading to the loss of some original characteristics (Salles 1971, Volpato 1996, Thorkildsen 2014, Arruda et al 2014, Fernandes 2015, Fundacão Palmares 2016.…”