Traditional Management of Agrobiodiversity in Brazil: A Case Study of Manioc

Emperaire, Laure; Peroni, Nivaldo

doi:10.1007/s10745-007-9121-x

Cited by 95 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Seed exchange represents a key mechanism in the dynamics of crop genetic diversity (9-11). However, the rules that channel the movement of seeds within and among farming communities have received little attention from geneticists and ethnobotanists alike (12).In small-scale farming communities, circulation of crop landraces is often channeled by marriage networks (7,8,13,14). By defining marriage prohibitions, kinship systems structure social networks of exchange between kin (related by descent) and affines (related by marriage).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In small-scale farming communities, circulation of crop landraces is often channeled by marriage networks (7,8,13,14). By defining marriage prohibitions, kinship systems structure social networks of exchange between kin (related by descent) and affines (related by marriage).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have highlighted the importance of informal seed exchange networks as an essential component of the resilience of local farming systems (1, 2), e.g., in potato (3), maize (4,5), and manioc (6)(7)(8). Exchanging seeds not only allows farmers to obtain new landraces but also to recover lost types or to renew their stock of seeds (1).…”

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Marriage exchanges, seed exchanges, and the dynamics of manioc diversity

Delêtre

McKey

Hodkinson

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The conservation of crop genetic resources requires understanding the different variables-cultural, social, and economic-that impinge on crop diversity. In small-scale farming systems, seed exchanges represent a key mechanism in the dynamics of crop genetic diversity, and analyzing the rules that structure social networks of seed exchange between farmer communities can help decipher patterns of crop genetic diversity. Using a combination of ethnobotanical and molecular genetic approaches, we investigated the relationships between regional patterns of manioc genetic diversity in Gabon and local networks of seed exchange. Spatially explicit Bayesian clustering methods showed that geographical discontinuities of manioc genetic diversity mirror major ethnolinguistic boundaries, with a southern matrilineal domain characterized by high levels of varietal diversity and a northern patrilineal domain characterized by low varietal diversity. Borrowing concepts from anthropology-kinship, bridewealth, and filiation-we analyzed the relationships between marriage exchanges and seed exchange networks in patrilineal and matrilineal societies. We demonstrate that, by defining marriage prohibitions, kinship systems structure social networks of exchange between farmer communities and influence the movement of seeds in metapopulations, shaping crop diversity at local and regional levels.seed transmission | social reproduction | traditional economic systems I n smallholder farming systems, farmers maintain a large diversity of cultivated species and recognize many different types (landraces) within each of their crops. Farmers dynamically manage this agricultural biodiversity by continually collecting, testing, and selecting new strains with unusual and interesting traits, sourcing "seeds" (here understood as propagules, i.e., true seeds, tubers, rhizomes, or stem cuttings) through different networks, most of which involve exchanging germplasm with other farmers.Several studies have highlighted the importance of informal seed exchange networks as an essential component of the resilience of local farming systems (1, 2), e.g., in potato (3), maize (4, 5), and manioc (6-8). Exchanging seeds not only allows farmers to obtain new landraces but also to recover lost types or to renew their stock of seeds (1). Through these exchange networks, farmers compile highly diversified portfolios of landraces capable of buffering the effects of unpredictable environmental changes (2). Seed exchange represents a key mechanism in the dynamics of crop genetic diversity (9-11). However, the rules that channel the movement of seeds within and among farming communities have received little attention from geneticists and ethnobotanists alike (12).In small-scale farming communities, circulation of crop landraces is often channeled by marriage networks (7,8,13,14). By defining marriage prohibitions, kinship systems structure social networks of exchange between kin (related by descent) and affines (related by marriage). Kinship systems thus determine the conn...

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Marriage exchanges, seed exchanges, and the dynamics of manioc diversity

Delêtre

McKey

Hodkinson

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The high number of varieties of cassava described by Henkel is not untypical of the Amazonian region. A comparison of diversity of varieties in north-west Amazonia found an average of 16-33 varieties per informant, with the total number of varieties between 60 and 89 (Emperaire and Peroni 2007), whereas a second study in Guyana recorded the cultivation of 76 varieties (Elias et al 2001).…”

Section: Enhancement Of the Genetic Diversity Of Cassava By Indigenoumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this section, we explore that proposition and consider the importance of cultural knowledge and social practice in the enhancement of the genetic diversity of cassava (Elias et al 2001;Henkel 2005;Emperaire and Peroni 2007). An important corollary is that high genetic diversity increases fitness and therefore reduces the likelihood of local extinction (Futuyma 2005).…”

Section: Enhancement Of the Genetic Diversity Of Cassava By Indigenoumentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic diversity and cultural importance of cassava and its contribution to tropical forest sustainability

Gillman

Erenler

2009

Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences

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Cassava has been cultivated in Central and South America for about 8000 years. Following export to Africa and Asia in the 16th-19th centuries it is now established as a vital component of the diet of many of the world's poorest people. Growth and processing of the plant in Central and South America represents one of the few remaining expressions of indigenous knowledge. This article highlights the importance of traditional methods of cultivation and processing in contributing to a large number of varieties and maintenance of high genetic diversity. Increasingly, such diversity is being supplemented by international breeding programs with the possibility of genetically modified crops to combat plant diseases and natural enemies such as cassava mosaic virus. The article examines the issues surrounding the patenting of traditional knowledge of cassava. It concludes by exploring cassava cultivation as a contribution to the sustainable utilization of species-rich tropical forests. This combines the maintenance of high genetic diversity of the crop with traditional practices of indigenous people, thereby satisfying the requirements of article 8(j) of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.

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Participation in Biocultural Diversity Conservation: Insights from Five Amazonian Examples

Fernández‐Llamazares

Benyei

Junqueira

et al. 2020

Participatory Biodiversity Conservation

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The past three decades have seen the emergence of myriads of initiatives focused on conserving, revitalizing and maintaining Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK) as part of biocultural approaches to conservation. However, the extent to which these efforts have been participatory has been often overlooked. In this chapter, we focus on five prominent ILK conservation initiatives in the Amazon Basin to examine the participation of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) in ILK conservation. Our review illustrates several examples of ILK conservation initiatives offering substantial opportunities for meaningful IPLC participation over the long term. Overall, our case studies suggest that the development of robust and inclusive decision-making processes is essential to optimize IPLC participation in ILK conservation, thereby increasing the legitimacy of these initiatives. Our review is not an exhaustive account of the breadth and depth of all initiatives promoting participatory biocultural conservation in this region, but it illustrates that there are many strategies that can help foster IPLC engagement and lead the participatory turn in biocultural conservation.

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Traditional Management of Agrobiodiversity in Brazil: A Case Study of Manioc

Cited by 95 publications

References 8 publications

Marriage exchanges, seed exchanges, and the dynamics of manioc diversity

Marriage exchanges, seed exchanges, and the dynamics of manioc diversity

The genetic diversity and cultural importance of cassava and its contribution to tropical forest sustainability

Participation in Biocultural Diversity Conservation: Insights from Five Amazonian Examples

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