Traditional medicine in China for ischemic stroke: bioactive components, pharmacology, and mechanisms

Abstract

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease and the third most common cause of death a ter ischemic heart disease. Increasing attention is being paid to finding e fective treatments through traditional medicine. Thus, studying the traditional medicine for the treatment of ischemic stroke is of great importance. Traditional medicine in China includes traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and other ethnic medicines, which is rich in variety and resources. This review first introduces the treatment mechanisms associated with ischemic stroke, such as antioxidant nitrification, antiexcitotoxic, antiapoptotic, anti-in lammatory, antiplatelet and anticoagulation mechanisms. Then, we calculated the frequency of prescription use for ischemic stroke and summarized the treatments for ischemic stroke by investigating 13 drug monographs and standards. We found 192 prescriptions from the traditional medical system for ischemic stroke, including Angong Niuhuang pill, Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills, Ginkgo biloba leaf, and other traditional Chinese patent medicines and national medicines. There were 398 kinds of traditional medicine, including 301 kinds of plant-based medicines, 54 kinds of animal-based medicines, 28 kinds of mineralbased medicines, and 15 kinds of other medicines. We introduced the names, families, medicinal components, traditional uses, phytochemical information, and pharmacological activities of the commonly used Chinese patent medicines and TCMs. In addition, some chemicals were introduced. These medicines may be potential candidates for the treatment of ischemic stroke. This work provides a reference for the research and clinical use of new drugs for ischemic stroke.

The mechanism of Zhenzhu Pills treating intracerebral hemorrhage secondary injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

“…In case of Zhenzhu Pills, prior studies have shown that their main components are effective in treating conditions such as ischemic stroke and subacute ICH in Tibet, with minimal observable toxic side effects. [ 8 , 9 ] It has also been recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (2015 edition, Volume 1). [ 10 ] The mechanism has been regarded as inhibiting inflammatory response, [ 10 ] relieving lipid peroxidation, and downregulating the expression of caspase-3 in protecting the cerebral ischemia injury in vivo.…”

Pan-cancer analysis of Ischemic stroke-related innate immune genes screened by machine learning

“…After a stroke, when oxygen or glucose is depleted in the ischemic brain tissue, high-energy phosphate compounds (e.g., adenosine triphosphate) will no longer be produced, resulting in the inability of energy-dependent processes necessary for tissue cell survival to proceed, leading to cellular damage and death [3,4]. Globally, IS is the 3rd most common cause of death after ischemic heart disease, posing a serious health risk to middle-aged and elderly people [5]. It is currently believed that the occurrence of IS has some genetic background factors, and the differential expression of multiple genes may affect the occurrence and prognosis of IS [6].…”

Multi-target mechanism of Naoshuantong capsule for treatment of Ischemic stroke based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

“…[ 20 ] Studies have shown that TCM has a good effect on IS, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of IS and delay the progress of the disease. [ 21 , 22 ] Therefore, exploring the mechanism of action of TCM in the treatment of diseases will help to make better use of TCM in the treatment of diseases. Naoshuantong capsule (NST capsule) is a classic drug for the treatment of IS, which has been widely used in clinical practice.…”