Traffic and Granular Flow '13

Abstract

The Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) is studied and several drawbacks with respect to driving simulators are defined. We present two modifications of the IDM. The first one gives any predefined distance to the leading vehicle in a steady state. The second modification is a combination of the first one and the optimal velocity model. It takes into account driver's reaction time explicitly and is described by delay differential equation. This model always results in realistic vehicles accelerations what allows simulating real traffic collisions.Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained, that guarantee a non-oscillating solution near the equilibrium for the vehicle platoon. We suggest the calibrating framework based on a numerical solution of the constrained optimization problem. Nonlinear constraints are generated by the numerical integration scheme. The suggested procedure incorporates the local stability conditions obtained and takes into account vehicle dynamics, drivers' behavior and weather conditions.

Determining Appropriate Lane-Changing Spacing for Off-Ramp Areas of Urban Expressways

“…Lane-changing behavior is becoming a significant concern in the research community. Many researchers have investigated this issue by proposing new or modified models [3][4][5][6][7], by simulating lane-changing behaviors in micro-or macro-scenarios [5,[8][9][10][11][12], or by analyzing field data from traffic sensors [3,4,[13][14][15][16].…”

“…By using field vehicle trajectory data, Jin [4] developed a multi-commodity, behavioral Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model of lane-changing traffic flow and calibrated fundamental diagrams corresponding to a triangular car-following fundamental diagram with NGSIM data. Keyvan et al proposed that [8,9] the decision process of lane-changing maneuvers was investigated by driving on a freeway with participants. The participants revealed that the choices to change lanes are related to their speed choice, and there are four basic strategies for lane-changing decisions: speed leading, speed leading with overtaking, lane leading, and traffic leading.…”