Traffic Control Magnetic Loops Electric Characteristics Variation Due to the Passage of Vehicles Over Them

Vehicle Identification by Means of Radio-Frequency-Identification Cards and Magnetic Loops

“…This waveform depends mainly on parameters related to the vehicle such as length, engine position or number of axles. This is the reason why these waveforms are different for each type of vehicle, which allows through simple signal processing to obtain the speed and length and classify vehicles as bicycles, motorcycles, cars, trucks and buses [17]- [19], as seen in Fig. 3.…”

“…For this reason, a magnetic loop was constructed in the laboratory by our research team (Group of Traffic Control System, ITACA Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain). The magnetic loop was implemented as detailed in our previous paper [19]. In it, the magnetic field generated by a loop was analyzed, but our current interest is to use this phenomenon as a means of communication.…”

“…This equation shows it is possible to induce an electromotive force in a conductor in the presence of a variable magnetic field over time. Then, if the receiver is a rectangular loop located in the XY plane and parallel to the transmitting loop, the induced force will depend on the area occupied by the receiving loop, the magnetic field that crosses it perpendicularly ( B k ) [19] and the frequency. Consequently, these three aspects will be important for determining the magnitude of the electromotive force induced.…”

“…However, the equations that describe the magnetic field generated by a rectangular loop are observed to be complex [19]. Therefore, when calculating the electromotive force, it is difficult to obtain an analytical result.…”

“…In this manner, we opted for Simpson's 1/3 Rule to solve the integrals. This method can be used to simply calculate integrals by using the evaluation of the function to be integrated in three different points within a range bounded by "a" and "b", which are the dimensions of the loop according to the nomenclature used in [19]. Simpson's 1/3 Rule is shown in the following equation [26].…”