Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Particulate Matter, and Autism

Volk, Heather E.; Lurmann, Fred; Penfold, Bryan; Hertz‐Picciotto, Irva; McConnell, Rob

doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.266

Cited by 534 publications

(435 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The roof top levels for PM 10 in central Stockholm have been relatively constant during 1994-2012(Burman & Norman, 2013. However, these levels are considerably lower than in the study areas of California described above (mean value at 25 ± 7.2 g/m 3 in one study and 36.3 ± 6.1 g/m 3 in another study; Becerra et al, 2013;Volk et al, 2013). Furthermore, associations may exist between the socio-economic status at individual or neighborhood level and the risk for neurodevelopmental or behavioral problems (Bhasin & Schendel, 2007;Flouri et al, 2012).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 67%

“…Windham et al (2006) reported a positive relation between the distribution of hazardous air pollutants at birth addresses and ASD among children in California. Other studies in California found that living close to freeways and traffic-related air pollution in mother's late pregnancy or child's first year of life was associated with an increased risk for autism (Volk et al, 2011(Volk et al, , 2013. Siddique et al (2011) compared children living in the New Delhi (India) urban area with children living in rural areas and showed that ADHD was positively correlated with current PM 10 levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to Air Pollution From Traffic and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Swedish Twins

et al. 2014

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Background: Recent studies have reported associations between air pollution exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders in children, but the role of pre-and postnatal exposure has not been elucidated. Aim: We aimed to explore the risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children in relation to pre-and postnatal exposure to air pollution from road traffic. Methods: Parents of 3,426 twins born in Stockholm during 1992-2000 were interviewed, when their children were 9 or 12 years old, for symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders. Residence time-weighted concentrations of particulate matter with a diameter <10 m (PM 10 ) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) from road traffic were estimated at participants' addresses during pregnancy, the first year, and the ninth year of life using dispersion modeling, controlling for seasonal variation. Multivariate regression models were used to examine the association between air pollution exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: No clear or consistent associations were found between air pollution exposure during any of the three time windows and any of the neurodevelopmental outcomes. For example, a 5-95% difference in exposure to NO x during pregnancy was associated with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.92 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44-1.96) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.58-1.40) for ASD and ADHD respectively. A corresponding range in exposure to PM 10 during pregnancy was related to ORs of 1.01 (95% CI: 0.52-1.96) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.68-1.47) for ASD and ADHD. Conclusions: Our data do not provide support for an association between pre-or postnatal exposure to air pollution from road traffic and neurodevelopmental disorders in children.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Air Pollution From Traffic and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Swedish Twins

et al. 2014

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“…This emerging body of knowledge confirms previous studies based on both between and within city air pollution exposures (Brook et al 2010, Hoek et al 2013. Furthermore, evidence is emerging regarding a role of air pollution exposures in other increasingly prevalent diseases, such as diabetes (Krämer et al 2010, Coogan et al 2012, Eze et al 2015, Bodin et al 2015, obesity (Jerrett et al 2014, McConnell et al 2015, poor cognitive function (Sunyer et al 2015), infertility (Nieuwenhuijsen et al 2014) and autism (Volk et al 2013).…”

Section: Traffic-related Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The health impacts of traffic-related exposures in urban areas: Understanding real effects, underlying driving forces and co-producing future directions

Khreis¹,

Warsow²,

Verlinghieri³

et al. 2016

Journal of Transport & Health

148

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The world is currently witnessing its largest surge of urban growth in human history; a trend that draws attention to the need to understand and address health impacts of urban living. Whilst transport is instrumental in this urbanisation wave, it also has significant positive and negative impacts on population health, which are disproportionately distributed.In this paper, we bring together expertise in transport engineering, transport and urban planning, research and strategic management, epidemiology and health impact assessment in an exercise to scope and discuss the health impacts of transport in urban areas. Adopting a cross-disciplinary, coproduction approach, we explore the key driving forces behind the current state of urban mobility and outline recommendations for practices that could facilitate positioning health at the core of transport design, planning and policy.Current knowledge on the health-related impacts of urban transport shows that motor vehicle traffic is causing significant premature mortality and morbidity through motor vehicle crashes, physical inactivity and traffic-related environmental exposures including increases in air pollution, noise and temperature levels, as well as reductions in green space. Trends of rapid and car-centred urbanisation, mass motorisation and a tendency of policy to favour car mobility and undervalue health in the transport and development agenda has both led to, and exacerbated the negative health impacts of the transport systems. Simultaneously, we also argue that the benefits of new transport schemes on the economy are emphasised whilst the range and severity of identified health impacts associated with transport are often downplayed. We conclude the paper by outlining stakeholders recommendations for the adoption of a cross-disciplinary co-production approach that takes a health-aware perspective and has the potential to promote a paradigm shift in transport practices.

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“…16 Proximity to vehicle traffic and coal-fired power plants also are recognized risk factors for both ADHD and ASD. [17][18][19] Since World War II, the types and levels of volatile organic chemicals inside homes and offices, where people in developed countries spend 90% of their day, have increased dramatically. 20 Among the chemical exposures implicated in ASD are styrene, vinyl flooring, methylene chloride, elemental mercury, and antibacterial quinolone.…”

Section: Environmental Exposures Can Adversely Affect Neurodevelopmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Chemical and Drug Intolerances: Potential Risk Factors for Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Heilbrun

Palmer

Jaén

et al. 2015

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess whether chemically intolerant women are at greater risk for having a child with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods: We conducted a case-control study of chemical intolerance among mothers of children with ASD (n ‫؍‬ 282) or ADHD (n ‫؍‬ 258) and children without these disorders (n ‫؍‬ 154). Mothers participated in an online survey consisting of a validated chemical intolerance screening instrument, the Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI). Cases and controls were characterized by parental report of a professional diagnosis. We used a one-way, unbalanced analysis of variance to compare means across the 3 groups.Results: Both mothers of children with ASD or ADHD had significantly higher mean chemical intolerance scores than did mothers of controls, and they were more likely to report adverse reactions to drugs. Chemically intolerant mothers were 3 times more likely (odds ratio, 3.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.50 -6.02) to report having a child with autism or 2.3 times more likely (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-5.04) to report a child with ADHD. Relative to controls, these mothers report their children are more prone to allergies (P < .02), have strong food preferences or cravings (P < .003), and have greater sensitivity to noxious odors (P < .04). Conclusion

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Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Particulate Matter, and Autism

Cited by 534 publications

References 36 publications

Exposure to Air Pollution From Traffic and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Swedish Twins

Exposure to Air Pollution From Traffic and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Swedish Twins

The health impacts of traffic-related exposures in urban areas: Understanding real effects, underlying driving forces and co-producing future directions

Maternal Chemical and Drug Intolerances: Potential Risk Factors for Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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