Silica is commonly modified with bifunctional phosphines like
PPh2CH2CH2Si(OEt)3
prior to immobilization of
catalysts. Here, besides
PPh2(CH2)3Si(OEt)3,
ligands that are more stable toward oxidation, namely
PPh2(C6H4)Si(OEt)3,
PPh2(C6H4)SiMe2(OEt),
and PPh2(CH2)4OH, are applied.
The di- and tricarbonylnickel complexes of
these ligands are synthesized, characterized by 61Ni,
31P, 13C, and 1H NMR and IR
spectroscopy, and immobilized
on silica. Alternatively, the corresponding phosphine-modified
silicas are treated with Ni(CO)4. The
obtained
materials are investigated by 31P and 13C
solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Di- and tricarbonylnickel species
can
be distinguished by their different chemical shift anisotropies and
also by their IR data. While the first route
allows immobilization of both di- and tricarbonylnickel complexes,
reaction of surface-bound phosphines with
Ni(CO)4 gives the tricarbonyl species exclusively.
Among the different ligands,
PPh2(CH2)4OH has
optimal
qualities: It gives high surface coverages without oxidation or
cross-linking, and therefore narrow NMR lines,
and it allows 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy.