Trainability of Young Athletes: Short-Term Goals or Long-Term Mission?

Williams, Craig A.

doi:10.1123/pes.2016-0215

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Thus, the development of neuromuscular abilities in soccer players has become crucial to cope with the progressive match velocity demands. This is especially important for young players initiating their elite careers, who need to focus on the gradual development of their physical abilities to successfully achieve professionalism (Ford et al, 2011 ; Williams, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Unloaded vs. Loaded Plyometrics on Speed and Power Performance of Elite Young Soccer Players

Kobal¹,

Pereira²,

Zanetti³

et al. 2017

Front. Physiol.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of loaded and unloaded plyometric training strategies on speed and power performance of elite young soccer players. Twenty-three under-17 male soccer players (age: 15.9 ± 1.2 years, height: 178.3 ± 8.1 cm, body-mass (BM): 68.1 ± 9.3 kg) from the same club took part in this study. The athletes were pair-matched in two training groups: loaded vertical and horizontal jumps using an haltere type handheld with a load of 8% of the athletes' body mass (LJ; n = 12) and unloaded vertical and horizontal plyometrics (UJ; n = 11). Sprinting speeds at 5-, 10-, and 20-m, mean propulsive power (MPP) relative to the players' BM in the jump squat exercise, and performance in the squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) were assessed pre- and post-training period. During the experimental period, soccer players performed 12 plyometric training sessions across a 6-week preseason period. Magnitude based inferences and standardized differences were used for statistical analysis. A very likely increase in the vertical jumps was observed for the LJ group (99/01/00 and 98/02/00 for SJ and CMJ, respectively). In the UJ group a likely increase was observed for both vertical jumps (83/16/01 and 90/10/00, for SJ and CMJ, respectively). An almost certainly decrease in the sprinting velocities along the 20-m course were found in the LJ group (00/00/100 for all split distances tested). Meanwhile, in the UJ likely to very likely decreases were observed for all sprinting velocities tested (03/18/79, 01/13/86, and 00/04/96, for velocities in 5-, 10-, and 20-m, respectively). No meaningful differences were observed for the MPP in either training group (11/85/04 and 37/55/08 for LJ and UJ, respectively). In summary, under-17 professional soccer players increased jumping ability after a 6-week preseason training program, using loaded or unloaded jumps. Despite these positive adaptations, both plyometric strategies failed to produce worthwhile improvements in maximal speed and power performances, which is possible related to the interference of concurrent training effects. New training strategies should be developed to ensure adequate balance between power and endurance loads throughout short (and high-volume) soccer preseasons.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Unloaded vs. Loaded Plyometrics on Speed and Power Performance of Elite Young Soccer Players

Kobal¹,

Pereira²,

Zanetti³

et al. 2017

Front. Physiol.

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“…Because biological age is not often reported in studies (Lesinski et al, 2016 ), participants were categorized based on their chronological age according to Faigenbaum et al ( 2009 ) as children (boys age 6–13 y and girls age 6–11 y) or adolescents (boys age 14–18 y and girls age 12–18 y). Furthermore, we used the definition proposed by Williams ( 2016 ) to distinct young athletes from non-athletic youth, namely: “a child or adolescent who is still growing and maturing toward adulthood and who systematically trains (> once per week) and competes (>1-year competition history) in at least one specific sport.” With respect to the intervention, studies needed to have applied a CT protocol to at least one group in the study. Furthermore, at least one active control group was required that followed single-mode ET or ST to function as a comparator.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training on Physical Fitness and Athletic Performance in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2018

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Combining training of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness within a training cycle could increase athletic performance more than single-mode training. However, the physiological effects produced by each training modality could also interfere with each other, improving athletic performance less than single-mode training. Because anthropometric, physiological, and biomechanical differences between young and adult athletes can affect the responses to exercise training, young athletes might respond differently to concurrent training (CT) compared with adults. Thus, the aim of the present systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine the effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on selected physical fitness components and athletic performance in youth. A systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science identified 886 records. The studies included in the analyses examined children (girls age 6–11 years, boys age 6–13 years) or adolescents (girls age 12–18 years, boys age 14–18 years), compared CT with single-mode endurance (ET) or strength training (ST), and reported at least one strength/power—(e.g., jump height), endurance—(e.g., peak V°O2, exercise economy), or performance-related (e.g., time trial) outcome. We calculated weighted standardized mean differences (SMDs). CT compared to ET produced small effects in favor of CT on athletic performance (n = 11 studies, SMD = 0.41, p = 0.04) and trivial effects on cardiorespiratory endurance (n = 4 studies, SMD = 0.04, p = 0.86) and exercise economy (n = 5 studies, SMD = 0.16, p = 0.49) in young athletes. A sub-analysis of chronological age revealed a trend toward larger effects of CT vs. ET on athletic performance in adolescents (SMD = 0.52) compared with children (SMD = 0.17). CT compared with ST had small effects in favor of CT on muscle power (n = 4 studies, SMD = 0.23, p = 0.04). In conclusion, CT is more effective than single-mode ET or ST in improving selected measures of physical fitness and athletic performance in youth. Specifically, CT compared with ET improved athletic performance in children and particularly adolescents. Finally, CT was more effective than ST in improving muscle power in youth.

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“…Como muitos outros conceitos em psicologia, a definição de motivação não é fácil (Todorov et al, 2005). A motivação em curto prazo, no âmbito esportivo, pode ser caracterizada como os objetivos do praticante, enquanto a motivação a longo prazo pode ser definida como uma missão (Williams, 2016). A hipótese referente a motivação, descreve que a atividade é motivada como uma tentativa de superar uma grande desvantagem, tal como a busca de alimento pelos humanos primitivos.…”

Section: Referencial Teóricounclassified

Análise Dos Fatores Psicológicos Que Influenciam a Motivação No Treinamento De Corredores De Assessorias De Corrida Da Cidade De Curitiba

Santos,

Andrade,

Andrade Junior

et al. 2024

Rev. Foco

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Introdução: A corrida tem sua participação histórica desde suas origens relacionadas a necessidades humanas básicas até eventos contemporâneos como a Corrida de São Silvestre no Brasil. A Teoria da Autodeterminação (TAD) é apresentada como um alicerce conceitual, destacando autonomia, competência e relacionamento como necessidades psicológicas básicas. Estratégias de motivação são apresentadas para promover a autodeterminação em atletas, destacando feedback positivo, metas orientadas ao processo e relações sociais. O estudo destaca a motivação como fator impulsionador para comprometimento, adesão, dedicação, autoeficácia e satisfação pessoal na prática consistente da corrida de rua. A justificativa para a pesquisa reside na falta de estudos detalhados sobre fatores psicológicos que influenciam a prática da corrida de rua entre atletas amadores, buscando preencher essa lacuna.Objetivo: O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi de analisar os fatores psicológicos envolvidos na motivação para prática de corrida de rua entre atletas amadores.Método: Foi analisado fatores psicológicos em corredores amadores da cidade de Curitiba/PR utilizando os questionários online que foram aplicados, como o Inventário de Beck para avaliar sinais e sintomas de ansiedade, para a motivação foi utilizada a versão Portuguesa do Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), para avaliação das Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas, foi utilizada a versão portuguesa da Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration, e para a avaliação da satisfação com a vida, foi aplicada a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida.Conclusão: Conclui-se ressaltando a importância de considerar fatores psicológicos na compreensão da motivação para a corrida de rua, especialmente ansiedade e gênero.

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Trainability of Young Athletes: Short-Term Goals or Long-Term Mission?

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of Unloaded vs. Loaded Plyometrics on Speed and Power Performance of Elite Young Soccer Players

Effects of Unloaded vs. Loaded Plyometrics on Speed and Power Performance of Elite Young Soccer Players

The Effects of Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training on Physical Fitness and Athletic Performance in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Análise Dos Fatores Psicológicos Que Influenciam a Motivação No Treinamento De Corredores De Assessorias De Corrida Da Cidade De Curitiba

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