Training and exercise change respiratory properties of blood in race horses

Lykkeboe, Gunnar; Schougaard, H.; Johansen, Kjell

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(77)90006-8

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In horses we observed a decrease of the 2,3-DPG level of erythrocytes caused by training. Our results are in agreement with the results of LYKKEBOE et al (13), who showed a significant decrease in the level of 2,3-DPG and connected this effect with a rise of haemoglobin value. The methodology used in our experiment consisted of a comparison of results from the same horses in different training phases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

The Effect of Training and Physical Exercise on the Energetic Metabolism of Equine Erythrocytes

Debski

1985

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Experiments were conducted on 6 geldings subjected to an effort test before and after 4 months of training. In the geldings physical performance caused an increase of 2,3‐DPG and ATP levels in whole blood. A lowering of glucose concentration in blood was simultaneously noticed. In erythrocytes taken from horses after physical effort a fall of glucose utilization was observed during incubation in plasma, while the same erythrocytes incubated in Krebs‐Henseleit buffer did not show this effect. Possibly, in horses during physical exercise, some substances are synthesized or activated in plasma which inhibit glycolysis in erythrocytes, since the pH value of blood was not affected. After 4 months of training a decrease of 2,3‐DPG concentration in erythrocytes was been observed. These erythrocytes also utilize glucose more rapidly than the erythrocytes of untrained horses and this occurs both before and after the effort test. Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß des Trainings und der physischen Beanspruchung auf den Energiestoffwechsel der Erythrozyten des Pferdes Die Untersuchungen wurden an sechs Wallachen durchgeführt, die vor und nach einem viermonatigen Training einem Belastungstest unterzogen wurden. Die physische Beanspruchung führte zu einer Zunahme der 2,3‐DPG‐ und der ATP‐Konzentrationen im Gesamtblut. Gleichzeitig wurde eine Erniedrigung der Blutglukose beobachtet. Erythrozyten, die nach einer Belastungsprobe entnommen wurden, zeigten während der Inkubation im Plasma eine Abnahme der Glukoseutilisation; bei Inkubation in einer Krebs‐Henseleit‐Pufferlösung wurde diese Effekt nicht beobachtet. Da der Blut‐pH‐Wert nicht beeinflußt wurde, wird angenommen, daß während der physischen Beanspruchung des Pferdes gewisse Substanzen gebildet oder im Plasma aktiviert werden, welche die Glykolyse in den Erythrozyten hemmen. Nach einem viermonatigen Training kam es zu einer Verminderung der 2,3‐DPG in den Erythrozyten. Bei diesen Erythrozyten verlief die Glukoseutilisation schneller als bei Erythrozyten von untrainierten Pferden, sowohl vor als auch nach einem Belastungstest. Résumé Influence de l'entraînement et de l'exercise physique sur le métabolisme énergétique des érythrocytes du cheval Les recherches ont été faites chez six hongres qui ont été soumis à un test d'exercise physique avant et après un entraînement de quatre mois. L'exercice physique a provoqué une augmentation des concentrations en 2,3‐DGP et ATP dans le sang entier. On a observé simultanément un abaissement du glucose sanguin. Les érythrocytes prélevés après un exercise ont montré pendant l'incubation dans le plasma une diminution de l'utilisation du glucose; cet effet n'a pas été observé durant une incubation dans une solution tampon de Krebs‐Henseleit. Comme la valeur du pH sanguin n'a pas été influencée, on a admis que certaines substances, formées ou activées dans le plasma pendant l'exercice physique du cheval, inhibent la glycolyse dans les érythrocytes. Une diminution de 2,3‐DPG dans les érythrocytes apparait après un entraînement de quatre mois...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

The Effect of Training and Physical Exercise on the Energetic Metabolism of Equine Erythrocytes

Debski

1985

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sixteen weeks of training may increase maximal oxygen consumption by as much as 19% [ 33 ]. Part of the improvement might be due to the increased hematocrit where a 10% increase was associated with a 5% higher circulating O 2 volume [ 34 ]. Possible reasons for a decreased HR include increased stroke volume [ 35 ] and cardiac output [ 36 ], increased plasma volume [ 37 ], increased capillary density of skeletal muscles [ 38 ] and increased muscle oxidative capacity with increased fiber type IIA/IIB ratio [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced high intensity training distance had no effect on VLa4 but attenuated heart rate response in 2-3-year-old Standardbred horses

Ringmark

Lindholm²,

Hedenström³

et al. 2015

Acta Vet Scand

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundTraining of Standardbred race horses aims to improve cardiovascular and metabolic functions but studies on the effects of different training strategies from breaking till racing are lacking. Sixteen horses with the goal to race as 3-year-olds were studied from breaking (1-year-olds) to December as 3-year-olds. Horses were allocated to either a control (C) or reduced (R) training program from 2 years of age. The aim was to evaluate the effect of reducing the distance of high intensity exercise by 30% with respect to velocity at lactate concentration 4 mmol/l (VLa4), blood lactate and cardiovascular response. All training sessions were documented and heart rate (HR) was recorded. A standardized exercise test of 1,600 m was performed 10 times and a VLa4 test was performed five times.ResultsC horses initially exercised for a longer time with a HR >180 beats per minute compared to R horses (P < 0.05) but after 6–9 months, time with HR >180 bpm decreased in C and were similar in the two groups (P > 0.05). Over the 2-year period, recovery HR after the 1,600 m-test decreased in both groups but was within 2 months lower in C than in R (P < 0.05). C horses also had lower resting HR as 3-year-olds (P < 0.01) than R horses. In C, post exercise hematocrit was higher than in R (P < 0.05). There was a tendency (P < 0.1) towards a larger aortic diameter in C as 3-year-olds (C: 1.75 ± 0.05, R: 1.70 ± 0.05 cm/100 kg BW). Left ventricle diameter and blood volume (in December as 2-year-olds) did not differ between groups. There were no differences between groups in post exercise blood lactate concentration or in VLa4. Both groups were equally successful in reaching the goal of participation in races.ConclusionsHorses subjected to a reduced distance of high intensity training from the age of 2 showed an attenuated heart rate response, but were able to maintain the same VLa4 and race participation as horses subjected to longer training distances.

show abstract

“…Although postexercise DPG/Hb increased with acclimatization, there was no effect of exercise. Data from exercising horses are conflicting in regards to DPG changes with exercise with some work demonstrating an increase and others no change in this organophosphate (18,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological changes and athletic performance in horses in response to high altitude (3,800 m)

Wickler

Anderson

2000

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study had two goals: 1) measure hematologic changes with high-altitude acclimatization in horses; and 2) assess the effect of 9 days at high altitude on subsequent athletic performance at low altitude. Six horses performed standardized exercise tests on a dirt track (before and during time at altitude) and treadmill (pre- and postaltitude exposure). Resting and immediate postexercise blood samples were measured for blood volume, lactate, red cell number, packed cell volume, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) concentrations at 225 m, over a 9-day period at 3,800 m, and shortly after returning to 225 m. Acclimatization produced increases in total red cell volume (38.2 +/- 2.4 to 48.1 +/- 2.9 ml/kg, P = 0.004) and DPG/hemoglobin concentrations (19.4 +/- 1.7 increased to 29.4 +/- 0. 4 micromol/g, P = 0.004). Two performance variables, heart rate recovery postexercise and lactate recovery, were faster after acclimatization.

show abstract

Training and exercise change respiratory properties of blood in race horses

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

The Effect of Training and Physical Exercise on the Energetic Metabolism of Equine Erythrocytes

The Effect of Training and Physical Exercise on the Energetic Metabolism of Equine Erythrocytes

Reduced high intensity training distance had no effect on VLa4 but attenuated heart rate response in 2-3-year-old Standardbred horses

Hematological changes and athletic performance in horses in response to high altitude (3,800 m)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About