Training Aspects of Marathon Running

Zinner, Christoph

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29728-6_8

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…In the present study, however, we found that medium-level runners had a higher fractional utilization of VO 2 max at marathon race pace. This agrees with previous findings that in high-level athletes, increased levels of fractional utilization of VO 2 max at marathon race pace were associated with faster performance [ 1 , 2 , 7 ]. In addition, a positive correlation of fractional utilization at race pace and marathon time was found (r = −0.62), Therefore, our data reveal that even in recreational runners, fractional utilization of VO 2 max at marathon race pace appears to be a contributing factor to performance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Marathon running is one of the most demanding races which requires well-organized mental and physical preparation [ 1 ]. Today, marathon races have turned into very large events where thousands of elite, high-level and recreational athletes participate in this 42.195 m race [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that the most important parameters to sustain the highest possible running velocity over a marathon are the maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max), a high fractional utilization of VO 2 max and the energy cost of running (ECr) [ 7 , 12 , 13 ]. These parameters explain 70% of the variance of the average running speed sustained during a marathon race [ 6 , 7 ] and are good indicators of the endurance performance of individuals of different ages, genders and disciplines [ 1 ]. A typical VO 2 max value for male top-class marathoners is about 70–85 mL/kg/min, for low-level athletes around 65 mL/kg/min and for recreational runners about 51–58 mL/kg/min [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and Race Pace Characteristics of Medium and Low-Level Athens Marathon Runners

Myrkos

Smilios

Kokkinou

et al. 2020

Sports

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This study examined physiological and race pace characteristics of medium- (finish time < 240 min) and low-level (finish time > 240 min) recreational runners who participated in a challenging marathon route with rolling hills, the Athens Authentic Marathon. Fifteen athletes (age: 42 ± 7 years) performed an incremental test, three to nine days before the 2018 Athens Marathon, to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), maximal aerobic velocity (MAV), energy cost of running (ECr) and lactate threshold velocity (vLTh), and were analyzed for their pacing during the race. Moderate- (n = 8) compared with low-level (n = 7) runners had higher (p < 0.05) VO2 max (55.6 ± 3.6 vs. 48.9 ± 4.8 mL·kg−1·min−1), MAV (16.5 ± 0.7 vs. 14.4 ± 1.2 km·h−1) and vLTh (11.6 ± 0.8 vs. 9.2 ± 0.7 km·h−1) and lower ECr at 10 km/h (1.137 ± 0.096 vs. 1.232 ± 0.068 kcal·kg−1·km−1). Medium-level runners ran the marathon at a higher percentage of vLTh (105.1 ± 4.7 vs. 93.8 ± 6.2%) and VO2 max (79.7 ± 7.7 vs. 68.8 ± 5.7%). Low-level runners ran at a lower percentage (p < 0.05) of their vLTh in the 21.1–30 km (total ascent/decent: 122 m/5 m) and the 30–42.195 km (total ascent/decent: 32 m/155 m) splits. Moderate-level runners are less affected in their pacing than low-level runners during a marathon route with rolling hills. This could be due to superior physiological characteristics such as VO2 max, ECr, vLTh and fractional utilization of VO2 max. A marathon race pace strategy should be selected individually according to each athlete’s level.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and Race Pace Characteristics of Medium and Low-Level Athens Marathon Runners

Myrkos

Smilios

Kokkinou

et al. 2020

Sports

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“…In regard to the training intensity, various overviews outline advantages when training intensity is distributed in a polarized, i.e., non-uniform manner (Seiler and Tønnessen, 2009 ; Hydren and Cohen, 2015 ; Zinner, 2016 ; Rosenblat et al, 2019 ). Such concepts suggest spending certain proportions of the total training time within a low intensity (LIT) zone, a high intensity (HIT) zone, and optionally a threshold zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Analysis of Training and Its Response in Marathon Finishers Based on Fitness App Data

et al. 2021

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Objective: Finishing a marathon requires to prepare for a 42.2 km run. Current literature describes which training characteristics are related to marathon performance. However, which training is most effective in terms of a performance improvement remains unclear.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of training responses during a 16 weeks training period prior to an absolved marathon. The analysis was performed on unsupervised fitness app data (Runtastic) from 6,771 marathon finishers. Differences in training volume and intensity between three response and three marathon performance groups were analyzed. Training response was quantified by the improvement of the velocity of 10 km runs Δv10 between the first and last 4 weeks of the training period. Response and marathon performance groups were classified by the 33.3rd and 66.6th percentile of Δv10 and the marathon performance time, respectively.Results: Subjects allocated in the faster marathon performance group showed systematically higher training volume and higher shares of training at low intensities. Only subjects in the moderate and high response group increased their training velocity continuously along the 16 weeks of training.Conclusion: We demonstrate that a combination of maximized training volumes at low intensities, a continuous increase in average running speed up to the aimed marathon velocity and high intensity runs ≤ 5 % of the overall training volume was accompanied by an improved 10 km performance which likely benefited the marathon performance as well. The study at hand proves that unsupervised workouts recorded with fitness apps can be a valuable data source for future studies in sport science.

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“…Indeed, the paradigm of constant (constant vs average) velocity still endures today as determined by the ratio of energy output and the cost of running [ 6 ]; this all comes from the treadmill experiments of constant speed physiology. It is generally thought that VO 2max is not elicited in the marathon and that it must be run below maximal aerobic speed (vVO 2max ) in order to maintain a sub lactate threshold VO 2 steady state [ 7 , 8 ]. One obvious consequence of the slow component response is that it creates a range of velocities, all which elicit VO 2max , provided the exercise is continued to exhaustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximal Time Spent at VO2max from Sprint to the Marathon

Molinari

Edwards²,

Billat

2020

IJERPH

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Until recently, it was thought that maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was elicited only in middle-distance events and not the sprint or marathon distances. We tested the hypothesis that VO2max can be elicited in both the sprint and marathon distances and that the fraction of time spent at VO2max is not significantly different between distances. Methods: Seventy-eight well-trained males (mean [SD] age: 32 [13]; weight: 73 [9] kg; height: 1.80 [0.8] m) performed the University of Montreal Track Test using a portable respiratory gas sampling system to measure a baseline VO2max. Each participant ran one or two different distances (100 m, 200 m, 800 m, 1500 m, 3000 m, 10 km or marathon) in which they are specialists. Results: VO2max was elicited and sustained in all distances tested. The time limit (Tlim) at VO2max on a relative scale of the total time (Tlim at VO2max%Ttot) during the sprint, middle-distance, and 1500 m was not significantly different (p > 0.05). The relevant time spent at VO2max was only a factor for performance in the 3000 m group, where the Tlim at VO2max%Ttot was the highest (51.4 [18.3], r = 0.86, p = 0.003). Conclusions: By focusing on the solicitation of VO2max, we demonstrated that the maintenance of VO2max is possible in the sprint, middle, and marathon distances.

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Training Aspects of Marathon Running

Cited by 8 publications

References 111 publications

Physiological and Race Pace Characteristics of Medium and Low-Level Athens Marathon Runners

Physiological and Race Pace Characteristics of Medium and Low-Level Athens Marathon Runners

Retrospective Analysis of Training and Its Response in Marathon Finishers Based on Fitness App Data

Maximal Time Spent at VO2max from Sprint to the Marathon

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