Training dogs to detect Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP)

Oxley, Jimmie C.; Smith, James L.; Moran, Jesse; Nelson, K. H.; Utley, William E.

doi:10.1117/12.555791

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This study used gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD) to obtain the vapor density of TATP in sealed sample vials containing the crystalline material. From the TATP vapor densities, vapor pressures were calculated using the ideal gas law and the volume of gas (10 mL) introduced into the GC injector [10]. The linearity of the graphical results of natural logarithm of vapor pressure versus reciprocal of Kelvin temperature is consistent with the Clapeyron equation, suggesting that the enthalpy of vaporization (D vap H) was relatively constant over the temperature range studied.…”

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confidence: 70%

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Determination of the Vapor Density of Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) Using a Gas Chromatography Headspace Technique

Oxley

Smith

Shinde

et al. 2005

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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153

103

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Using a GC headspace measurement technique, the vapor pressure of TATP was determined over the temperature range 12 to 60 8C. As a check on the experimental method, TNT vapor pressure was likewise computed. Values for TNT are in excellent agreement with previous published ones. For TATP the vapor pressure was found to be~7 Pa at ambient conditions. This value translates to a factor of 10 4 more molecules of TATP in air than TNT at room temperature. The dependence of TATP vapor pressure on temperature can be described by the equation log 10 P(Pa) ¼ 19.791 À 5708/T(K). Its heat of sublimation has been calculated as 109 kJ/mol. ] Figure 1. Chemical structure of TATP

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confidence: 70%

“…The vapor pressure of TNT was first reported around 1950; at that time a Knudson effusion technique was used [10]. In the late 1970s TNT vapor pressure was redetermined using gas chromatography, a technique less sensitive to minor volatile impurities [11,12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Vapor Density of Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) Using a Gas Chromatography Headspace Technique

Oxley

Smith

Shinde

et al. 2005

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

Self Cite

153

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Vapor detection of TATP through non-contact sampling has been extensively explored. Scholte-Ladbeck and Karst used air sampling to collect the analyte before delivery into a liquid chromatograph [18], while Oxley et al trained detection canines to detect cotton balls permeated with TATP vapor [19]. Additionally, chemical sensors and electronic noses have been developed, selectively detecting less than 100 ppb of TATP [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the headspace of bulk hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) with time, environment, and formulation

2017

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a b s t r a c tHexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) is a homemade peroxide explosive that has become of concern to homeland security due to the ease of synthesis and commercial availability of the materials required for its synthesis. Detection is a challenge because of its exceedingly low vapor pressure and high thermal lability. Though molecular HMTD vapor is essentially undetectable under most circumstances, HTMD is known to degrade under ambient conditions, producing volatile products that could aid in detection. This work studies the evolution of these volatile organic compounds over time and across a number of variables including synthesis method, precursors, storage time, and storage environment. The composition and quantity of these volatiles were compared across these variables. Analysis of the headspace of bulk HMTD was carried out using solid phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Decomposition was also monitored by gravimetric analysis. Results herein reveal that formic acid is the most abundant decomposition product while formaldehyde is the most commonly detected across all variables. Synthesis method carried the greatest overall effect on decomposition rate and vapor profile composition.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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“…The trainers can begin the training of any biological detector (e.g., on learning search patterns, learning how to alert to an odor, and other general training tasks) regardless of end use of the biological detector since the UDC is not a dominant odor compound used within the detection categories. Literature supports that canines can be trained to TATP and HMTD through the use of cotton balls that have been spiked with a very low concentration of the dilute explosive or through adsorption of explosive vapors onto a cotton ball when placed in close proximity to the explosive for a period of time (117,118). These types of training aid materials are limited by their lifespan which is typically less than a day, and their need to be in close proximity to a licensed explosive manufacturer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Calibrants through Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds from Peroxide Based Explosives and a Non-target Chemical Calibration Compound

Beltz¹

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Training dogs to detect Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP)

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Determination of the Vapor Density of Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) Using a Gas Chromatography Headspace Technique

Determination of the Vapor Density of Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) Using a Gas Chromatography Headspace Technique

Variation in the headspace of bulk hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) with time, environment, and formulation

The Development of Calibrants through Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds from Peroxide Based Explosives and a Non-target Chemical Calibration Compound

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