“…These studies have used surveys that asked respondents to rate (or rank) the importance of each competency in a list. Of the 19 "importance" studies published since 1990, thirteen included a balance of technical and professional competencies (ASME, 1995;Bankel et al, 2003;Benefield, Trentham, Khodadadi, & Walker, 1997;Evans, Beakley, Crouch, & Yamaguchi, 1993;Koen & Kohli, 1998;Lang, Cruse, McVey, & McMasters, 1999;Lattuca, Terenzini, & Volkwein, 2006;National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE), 1992;Nguyen, 1998;Saunders-Smit, 2008;Shea, 1997;Turley, 1992;World Chemical Engineering Council, 2004) while six included only professional competencies (de Jager & Nieuwenhuis, 2002;Donahue, 1997;Kemp, 1999;Meier, Williams, & Humphreys, 2000;Sardana & Arya, 2003;Scott & Yates, 2002). A balanced inclusion of both technical and professional competencies is essential to inform the design of entire curricula.…”