Training effects on dual-task performance: Are there age-related differences in plasticity of attentional control?

Bherer, Louis; Kramer, Arthur F.; Peterson, Matthew S.; Colcombe, Stanley J.; Erickson, Kirk I.; Becic, Ensar

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.20.4.695

Cited by 261 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Similarly, training of executive control produced some promising results in the past (e.g., Bherer et al, 2005;Karbach & Kray, 2009;Kramer, Larish, & Strayer, 1995;see Noack et al, 2009 for reviews) motivating further investigation of the trainability of this ability (n = 16). Thirteen of the 16 studies reported data from older samples while, for example, only 9 of the 35 studies on working memory reported data from older samples.…”

Section: Study Sample Overview Training Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the validity and generality of transfer effects in cognitive training research

Noack

Lövdén

Schmiedek

2014

Psychological Research

107

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Section: Study Sample Overview Training Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the validity and generality of transfer effects in cognitive training research

Noack

Lövdén

Schmiedek

2014

Psychological Research

107

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“…By contrast, another sequential training protocol administered on different days led to comparable gains when compared to single-modality cognitive training on measures of EFs and episodic memory (Shatil 2013). Desjardins-Crépeau et al (2016) also failed to find synergistic effects of sequential multimodal training utilizing Bherer et al's (2005) DT training protocol and moderate-intensity aerobic training administered on separate days.…”

Section: Multimodal Approaches: Combining Cognitive and Aerobic Trainingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For example, working memory training has led to significant transfer gains in EFs in both young and older adults (Baniqued et al 2015;Brehmer et al 2012;Morrison and Chein 2011;Rhodes and Katz 2017). Similarly, dual-task (DT) training has led to cross-modality near-transfer, (Bherer et al 2005(Bherer et al , 2006(Bherer et al , 2008Desjardins-Crépeau et al 2016;Erickson et al 2007aErickson et al , 2007bLussier et al 2015Lussier et al , 2016, upregulation and increased efficiency in prefrontal regions in younger and older adults (Erickson et al 2007a, b), and improved balance and mobility (Li et al 2010). Such DT training is thought to improve processes such as task coordination and working memory (Bherer et al 2005).…”

Section: Single-modality Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, dual-task (DT) training has led to cross-modality near-transfer, (Bherer et al 2005(Bherer et al , 2006(Bherer et al , 2008Desjardins-Crépeau et al 2016;Erickson et al 2007aErickson et al , 2007bLussier et al 2015Lussier et al , 2016, upregulation and increased efficiency in prefrontal regions in younger and older adults (Erickson et al 2007a, b), and improved balance and mobility (Li et al 2010). Such DT training is thought to improve processes such as task coordination and working memory (Bherer et al 2005). Dahlin et al (2008) demonstrated that the degree of transfer follows the principle of neural overlap, such that gains are greater when the trained task and outcome measures share neural substrates.…”

Section: Single-modality Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing the Transfer Effects of Simultaneously and Sequentially Combined Aerobic Exercise and Cognitive Training in Older Adults

et al. 2017

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It is known that both cognitive training and aerobic exercise training can independently improve cognitive performance in older adults. Combined multimodality (cognitive and aerobic) training has shown promise in producing significantly more training gains in older adults than pure physical exercise and control; however, results are mixed. To address these mixed results and elucidate the efficacy of different schedules of multimodal training, we compared simultaneous and sequential formats. To this end, 42 older adults (M = 68.05 years) participated in 12 sessions of same-day multimodal training and were randomly assigned to either the simultaneous (concurrent cognitive dual-task and aerobic exercise) or sequential training group (cognitive dual-task followed by aerobic exercise). Both groups showed significant improvement on measures of processing speed and verbal memory following training, with the sequential group showing a significant training advantage on working memory. Motivation to engage in cognitive effort moderated the training gains in verbal memory, and baseline aerobic fitness moderated the magnitude of training gains in response inhibition negatively. The current findings demonstrate the selective effects of training format on cognitive outcomes, in line with the principle of neural overlap, which suggests that improvements should occur to the extent that the trained and untrained tasks share underlying neural pathways. The results also underscore the importance of considering individual difference factors in cognitive training studies.

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“…A behavioral study showed that training can also improve dual-tasking in older adults. Bherer et al (2005) showed that training improved dual-task performance in both older and younger adults. The improvement also generalized to novel task combinations.…”

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confidence: 99%

What Brain Imaging Reveals About the Nature of Multitasking

Just¹,

Buchweitz²

2014

Oxford Handbooks Online

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The goal of this chapter is to provide an account of multitasking from the perspective of brain function and cognition, using the new information gleaned from brain imaging science. By comparing the brain activation patterns observed in multitasking to the activation in the component tasks, it is possible to discover what is neurally distinctive and costly about multitasking.The neurocognitive account relates multitasking to the coordination of two large scale cortical networks underlying each of the two tasks and a network of executive control. This approach provides new answers to several timeless questions about multitasking, such as the nature of the limited brain resources for which two tasks compete, the role of automaticity of one of the tasks being co-performed, and the brain effects of training. Keywords:Multitasking; fMRI, brain imaging, brain networks, neural resources, neural mechanisms, training effects, executive function, automaticity Because work and home environments often demand that several tasks be performed concurrently, the scientific study of multitasking has long been of interest. Multiple events in the natural and social environment often co-occur and need to be dealt with immediately and concurrently. For example, parents often have had to attend to one or more children while simultaneously performing other domestic tasks. Another source of interest in multitasking research is that it explores the limits of human cognitive capacities. It is our good fortune that, to some extent, the human brain has the remarkable capability to follow multiple trains of thought at the same time. But this capability has severe limitations because human thought is not unbounded, and it is difficult enough at times to follow just one train of thought.Multitasking opportunities have increased enormously due to the 21 st century technologies that provide a myriad of information streams on various communication devices, multiplying the already multiple streams of available information that might potentially be attended and processed. The availability of these multiple electronic information streams raises the question of what occurs in the human mind and brain when we try to process more than one stream of information at any given time.In this chapter we will use the term multitasking (or dual-tasking) to refer to the concurrent performance of two or more cognitive tasks, and not just passively experiencing multiple media stream inputs, such as interacting online while a movie is on TV. There must be two ongoing concurrent streams of active thought to qualify as multitasking according to our definition.Although the number of available information streams has increased, the brain capability of concurrently processing multiple streams of information has probably not increased by much, because the biological limits have not expanded. Multitasking usually results in at least one of the concurrent tasks being performed more poorly than when it is performed alone. Effective multitasking requires that two com...

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Training effects on dual-task performance: Are there age-related differences in plasticity of attentional control?

Cited by 261 publications

References 33 publications

On the validity and generality of transfer effects in cognitive training research

On the validity and generality of transfer effects in cognitive training research

Comparing the Transfer Effects of Simultaneously and Sequentially Combined Aerobic Exercise and Cognitive Training in Older Adults

What Brain Imaging Reveals About the Nature of Multitasking

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