“Training for peace” – a universal practise? How micro processes are impacting the likelihood of an EU–India cooperation in peacekeeping

Abstract

Why have the EU and India been unable to explore the common potential of their partnership in peacekeeping training? Drawing upon the literature of practice theories and the concept of community of practices, as well as semi-structured interviews with policy-makers and peacekeeping trainers from India and the EU, policy documents and participant observation, the article explores the complementarity of structures of the EU's and India's training communities and discusses the implicit knowledge which is guiding the practices of actors. Thereby, the article moves away from offering structural explanations, such as diverging strategic interests, which have dominated the literature on the EU's external relations with Asia. Comparing the practice communities, the article finds substantial divergence in the material and ideational structure of training institutes. Moreover, the article illustrates that the disposition of actors in the Indian training community is characterized by the unspoken understanding that India's training philosophy is more compatible with other countries from the Global South. While both structures, as well as dispositions of actors are unfavourable vis-à-vis an EU-India partnership in peacekeeping training, the article concludes that by addressing familiarity gaps among training communities, divergences in structures and dispositions can be overcome.

Evolution of the European Union Development Policy towards India

“…Similarly, Malhotra (2015) has also claimed that the EU-India relationship has a unique feature for both partners, that is, a 'soft power' 2 approach. The features of the EU's soft power are civilian and normative values, based on the rule of law, democracy, human rights, whereas India's soft power has characteristics of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), the promotion of international peace, solidarity with countries of the third world, self-determination, Gandhian non-violent legacy, and others (Malhotra, 2015;Klossek, 2020). However, these are the founding principles of the relationship between the two partners.…”