Training for vigilance: Combined cueing and knowledge of results.

Wiener, Earl L.; Attwood, Dennis A.

doi:10.1037/h0026444

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…More recent work has failed to see benefits from content-free cueing in detection tasks; instead benefits are seen from reducing the cognitive load of the task using content-related cueing (Helton et al 2011a, b). This later finding is actually in line with previous research regarding the benefits of warning cues in vigilance (Aiken and Lau 1967;Annett and Patterson 1967;Hitchcock et al 1999;Weiner and Attwood 1968). In a recent study, Seli et al (2012) found that content unrelated cues actually impaired performance and in similar context, the inclusion of highly arousing taskunrelated stimuli in a vigil has a significantly detrimental impact on vigilance performance (Helton and Russell 2011a, b;Ossowski et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Brief mental breaks and content-free cues may not keep you focused

Helton

Russell

2012

Exp Brain Res

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The dominant theory amongst vigilance researchers is resource theory. From this theoretical perspective the increase in lapses with time on task, the vigilance decrement, is due to the depletion of the cognitive resources necessary for the maintenance of performance. Alternative under-load theories have recently been suggested: mindlessness and goal habituation. Advocates of mindlessness theory suggest the vigilance decrement results from conscious disengagement due to task monotony. From this theoretical perspective, the inclusion of content unrelated cues should draw the participants out of their mindless state. An alternative proposal is that vigilance decrements are a result of goal habituation. From this perspective a momentary deactivation and reactivation of task goal by inserting a brief task switch in a vigilance task should eliminate the vigilance decrement. In order to examine these alternative theories, we had 498 participants perform a visual vigilance task with either the inclusion of brief task switches, content-free cues, or in comparative control conditions during the vigilance task. All experimental groups had an equivalent robust vigilance decrement measured by both a decline in perceptual sensitivity over time and an increase in response latency over time. There was, moreover, no difference in self-reported mental workload or task-unrelated thoughts across the experimental groups. Bayesian analyses resulted in substantial evidence in favour of the null hypothesis, in agreement with the expectations based on resource theory and contrary to the expectations based on either the mindlessness or goal-habituation theories.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Brief mental breaks and content-free cues may not keep you focused

Helton

Russell

2012

Exp Brain Res

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“…All prior studies of cueing and vigilance have made use of completely veridical cueing regimens (Aiken & Lau, 1967;Annett, 1966;Annett & Clarkson, 1964;Annett & Patterson, 1966;Hitchcock et al, 1999;Weiner & Attwood, 1968). The present study represents the initial experimental effort to examine the effects of less than reliable cueing on vigilant behavior.…”

Section: Chapter 5 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, signal detection in vigilance can also be improved by providing observers with consistent and reliable cues as to the imminent arrival of critical signals. As several experiments have shown, the principal consequence of such forewarning is the elimination of the vigilance decrement (Aiken & Lau, 1967;Annett, 1966;Annett & Clarkson, 1964;Annett & Patterson, 1966;Weiner & Attwood, 1968). A recent illustration of this effect comes from a study by Hitchcock, Dember, Warm, Moroney, and See (1999) using a simulated air-traffic control display in which critical signals for detection were planes traveling on a collision course.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Signal Salience and Cueing on Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity during Sustained Attention

Hitchcock

2000

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Transcranial Doppler sonography, a low-cost noninvasive procedure, which allows continuous monitoring of blood flow in the left and right middle cerebral arteries, was employed while participants performed a 40-min vigil. Two levels of signal salience (high and low) were combined factorially with four conditions in which monitors were forewarned about the imminent arrival of critical signals (100 %, 80%, and 40% reliable cueing and a no-cue control). For both levels of signal salience, the frequency of signal detections remained stable over time in the 100% cue-reliability condition but declined over time in the remaining cue conditions, so that by the end of the vigil, performance efficiency was best in the 100% condition followed in order by the 80%, 40%, and nocue conditions. These performance effects for cueing were mirrored by blood flow measurements taken from the right hemisphere in conjunction with low salience signals.No effects for cueing were observable in blood flow recordings taken from the left hemisphere in conjunction with either high or low salience signals. The results indicate that blood flow and signal detection in vigilance are at least partially related to common mechanisms, such as the expenditure of information processing resources. They are also consistent with past findings indicating that vigilance performance is right lateralized.

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“…However, little research has been conducted during the learning of an interpersonal or complex skill. Most of the literature has been conducted within a training design that consists of simple tasks or motor tasks (Chadda, 1991;Kluger & DeNisi, 2005;Mesch, 1994;Wiener, 1963;Wiener & Attwood, 1968). The few studies that involved the influence of negative feedback on interpersonal or complex skills have focused on performance appraisals or upward feedback programs (Atawater, 1995;Johnson & Ferstl, 1999;Reilly et al, 1996;Smither et al, 1995;Walker & Smither, 1999).…”

Section: Feedback Signmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedback in Videogame-based Adaptive Training

Rivera¹

2011

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The field of training has been changing rapidly due to advances in technology such as videogame-based adaptive training. Videogame-based adaptive training has provided flexibility and adaptability for training in cost-effective ways. While this method of training may have many benefits for the trainee, current research has not kept up to pace with its implementation. This research closes this gap by testing four competing feedback and training theories. The ACT-R theory and the feedback intervention theory provide different recommendations for the frequency (frequent or infrequent) that feedback should be provided during training. Self-efficacy theory and control theory provide different recommendations for the appropriate feedback sign (positive or negative) that should be provided during training. Research was conducted in which the frequency of feedback and feedback sign were manipulated in a videogamebased adaptive training environment. MANOVA results indicate that frequent negative feedback and infrequent positive feedback were beneficial to trainee performance. The role of feedback orientation was also examined as a moderator of the relationship between feedback and performance, but was not supported. The findings serve as a framework for practitioners in determining the necessary type of feedback needed when designing videogamebased adaptive training. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Interpersonal skills, Army training, videogame-based training, adaptive training, scenario-based training, VECTOR SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF 19.

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Training for vigilance: Combined cueing and knowledge of results.

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Brief mental breaks and content-free cues may not keep you focused

Brief mental breaks and content-free cues may not keep you focused

Effects of Signal Salience and Cueing on Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity during Sustained Attention

Feedback in Videogame-based Adaptive Training

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