Mindfulness has all but become a mainstay in modern education.Yet, despite the incredible enthusiasm and increased application inschools, there remains significant divergence between advocatesand critics. Advocates assert that mindfulness practice promotesindividual and societal health and well-being. Meanwhile, criticsquestion the intention, and the social and political implications ofpromoting these ancient practices in schools, arguing that theBuddhist ethics underlying mindfulness remain incompatible withneoliberal ideology and instrumentalism of contemporary schooling.As mindfulness has been commodified, instrumentalised, and usedas a therapeutic tool for acute coping, its broader potential for humangrowth and development may be undermined. Furthermore, scholarscaution that the fledging nature of mindfulness research leavescritical questions unanswered, especially the potential of adverseeffects. The work herein examines these critiques and articulateshow they translate into practical considerations for education. Wepresent here a discussion of how largely academic concerns relatingto modern mindfulness may translate to pragmatic considerationsfor educational leaders, policy makers, and stakeholders. We aim toempower educators and others to make judgments about thepromotion and integration of mindfulness into educational settings,considering context-specific factors such as developmental needsand capacities, as well as recommendations to support effective andethical practice of mindfulness in education.