Training of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Operators for Border Surveillance in Ukraine based on the European Union Standards

Abstract

The study reveals the theoretical and practical approaches to building of an all-European training strategy for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) operators to increase their interoperability in the European Union countries and Ukraine. Nowadays, the border guard agencies both in EU and Ukraine have developed their national courses and training programs related to training of RPAS operators, however, the proposed in this study common approach is based on the Sectoral Qualification Framework in the field of border protection and Common Core Curriculum for border guards in EU and is aimed at expanding the use of small RPAS for a specific task of protecting the border sectors of various types (land, sea, air) in accordance with the Concept of European Integrated Border Management. The research was carried out in the frames of the Grant Program of the European Agency for Border and Coast Protection Frontex "The use of RPAS for border protection - tactics, guidelines, best practices". The study covers the analysis of the theory, market solutions, takes into account practical border protection experience, which resulted in creation of a common curricula for operators of RPAS in the specific sphere – surveillance of the state borders. The developed training course for RPAS operators provides an opportunity to train external crews of unmanned aerial vehicles, which will best meet the objectives and peculiar needs of the state border protection agencies of the European Union and Ukraine. The readiness of future RPAS operators to perform professional duties on border surveillance was diagnosed according to cognitive (knowledge formation) and operational (skills and abilities formation) criteria. Comparison of the values of these criteria before and after the formative stage of the experiment shows that the experimental measures for the application of best European practices in the training of RPAS operators have positively affected the quality of their training. The results of the study will help strengthen the state border security within the European context of border guarding by means of increasing the level of interoperability of RPAS operators in the EU countries and Ukraine.

Conceptual Framework for the Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems in the Protection of the State Border

“…According to NATO standards, there are three classes of unmanned aerial vehicles depending on their tactical and technical characteristics: the fi rst is of the tactical level (up to 150 kg and miniature up to 66 grams, operating at altitudes up to 3,000 and 200 feet, radius up to 5 m and 25 km); the second is also of the tactical level (from 150 to 600 kg and small up to 15 kg, operating at altitudes up to 5,000 and 18,000 feet, radius of actions up to 50 and 200 km), and 200 feet, radius up to 5 and 25 km); the third -of the strategic and operational level (over 600 kg, operation at an altitude of 45 thousand and 65 thousand feet, strategic and operational level and maximum possible radius of action) [12].…”