Training-Related Risk of Common Illnesses in Elite Swimmers over a 4-yr Period

Abstract

Particular attention must be paid to illness prevention strategies during periods of intensive training, particularly in the winter months or in case of the recent medical episode.

Subjective well-being and training load predict in-season injury and illness risk in female youth soccer players

“…Based on the results of the current study an increase of this amount in weekly or monthly TL would be accompanied by an increased illness risk of 50% and 54%, respectively. This is similar to studies in adult athletes which identified increased illness risk during times of increased weekly TL,26 28 29 31 and a recent systematic review which found a similar relationship in the majority of included studies of adult athletes 9. Our findings are also consistent with the only prior study of TL and illness in youth athletes of which we are aware found that increased training duration was associated with illness risk 24.…”

Training-related and competition-related risk factors for respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections in elite cross-country skiers

“…Few other studies have examined infection rates in athletes for periods of more than a few weeks or months. However, Hellard et al 11 reported a similar frequency of infectious infection for elite swimmers who experienced, on average, four episodes of respiratory, gastrointestinal and/or urogenital infection per person-year. Hence, it appears that elite endurance athletes experience broadly similar infection rates, regardless of whether their competition season falls during the winter or summer months.…”

“…However, cross-sectional studies indicate that individuals with high training loads experience a greater frequency of upper RTIs 9. Furthermore, longitudinal studies with athletes report an increased infection incidence during periods of intense training or competition 10 11. Malm12 suggested that, although high training loads may suppress immunity, becoming a successful elite athlete requires an immune system capable of withstanding infections even during severe physiological and psychological stress.…”

“…A recent study by Hellard et al 11 investigated infection incidence among international swimmers over a 4-year period and found that infection rates were highest during the winter months and intensive training periods. However, it is not clear whether the same patterns for infection incidence are present for winter sports athletes, who compete during the winter months but typically undertake the highest training loads in the summer and autumn 6.…”

Carga interna de treinamento e respostas comportamentais em jovens ginastas

“…Assim, o presente estudo objetivou investigar a dinâmica da CIT, da tolerância ao estresse (TE) e dos sintomas de infecção do trato respiratório superior (ITRS) em jovens ginastas durante períodos de treinamento sem competição e períodos de treinamento com competição. Uma vez que estudos anteriores mostraram redução na CIT nos períodos competitivos comparados aos períodos de treinamento (FREITAS et al, 2014;HELLARD et al, 2015), tem-se a hipótese de se observar maior CIT no período de treinamento sem competição, quando comparada ao período de treinamento com realização de competições. Em adição, espera-se que as respostas para a TE e ITRS sejam moduladas pelas alterações na CIT.…”