Training status and sex influence on senescent T-lymphocyte redistribution in response to acute maximal exercise

Brown, Frankie; Bigley, Austin B.; Sherry, Chris; Neal, Craig M.; Witard, Oliver C.; Simpson, Richard J.; Galloway, Stuart D. R.

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.031

Cited by 36 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 177 publications

(203 reference statements)

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“…27 Another recent study showed that 1 week of intensified training in trained male cyclists impaired the egress of naive CD8 + T lymphocytes (CD27 + CD45RA + ) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes from the blood after exercise. Preliminary work indicates that sex may moderate the effects of exercise on T-cell redistribution, 29 and indeed other measures of immunity (reviewed elsewhere), 30 but future work is required to elucidate a role for sex hormones. Preliminary work indicates that sex may moderate the effects of exercise on T-cell redistribution, 29 and indeed other measures of immunity (reviewed elsewhere), 30 but future work is required to elucidate a role for sex hormones.…”

Section: Exercise and Acquired Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise, immune function and respiratory infection: An update on the influence of training and environmental stress

2015

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This review outlines recent advancements in the understanding of athlete immune health. Controversies discussed include whether high levels of athletic training and environmental stress (for example, heat acclimation, cryotherapy and hypoxic training) compromise immunity and increase upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Recent findings challenge early exercise immunology doctrine by showing that international athletes performing high-volume training suffer fewer, not greater, URTI episodes than lower-level performers and URTI incidence decreases, not increases, around the time of competition compared with heavy training. Herein we raise the possibility of host genetic influences on URTI and modifiable behavioural and training-related factors underpinning these recent observations. Continued controversy concerns the proportion of URTI symptoms reported by athletes that are due to infectious pathogens, airway inflammation or as yet unknown causes and indeed whether the proportion differs in athletes and non-athletes. Irrespective of the cause of URTI symptoms (infectious or non-infectious), experts broadly agree that self-reported URTI hinders high-volume athletic training but, somewhat surprisingly, less is known about the influence on athletic performance. In athletes under heavy training, both innate and acquired immunity are often observed to decrease, typically 15-25%, but whether relatively modest changes in immunity increase URTI susceptibility remains a major gap in knowledge. With the exception of cell-mediated immunity that tends to be decreased, exercising in environmental extremes does not provide an additional threat to immunity and host defence. Recent evidence suggests that immune health may actually be enhanced by regular intermittent exposures to environmental stress (for example, intermittent hypoxia training).

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Section: Exercise and Acquired Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise, immune function and respiratory infection: An update on the influence of training and environmental stress

2015

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“…There are distinct sex differences in the T-cell changes with acute exercise (Brown et al 2014). Our study did not include women; therefore, further research is warranted to investigate whether there are any sex differences in T ANG cell changes with acute bouts of exercise.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 10 km time trial running bout acutely increases the number of angiogenic T cells in the peripheral blood compartment of healthy males

Ross

Tormey

Ingram

et al. 2016

Experimental Physiology

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What is the central question of the study? Are CD31 angiogenic T (T ) cells preferentially mobilized in response to acute exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? Our study reveals that T cells are redistributed into the circulation in response to acute strenuous exercise, but to a lesser extent than CD31 T cells. Of the T cells mobilized, T cells expressing CXCR4 show greater redistribution compared with CXCR4 T cells. Stromal-derived factor 1-α does not appear to play a role in the redistribution of T cells expressing CXCR4. The results suggest that a single bout of strenuous exercise might provide a short vasculogenic window, which could benefit the vascular system by redistributing CD31 T cells. CD31 T cells have been documented to possess vasculogenic properties and have been termed 'angiogenic T cells' (T cells). No study to date has fully characterized the effect of acute exercise on T cells. Twelve male participants aged 24-45 years undertook a running 10 km time trial, with peripheral blood samples taken before, immediately after and 1 h postexercise for quantification of T cells and subsequent CXCR4 cell surface expression by flow cytometry. The T cells demonstrated a 102% increase in number in the peripheral circulation immediately postexercise compared with pre-exercise levels, followed by a large egress (50%) from the circulation in total T cells 1 h postexercise. This was due to changes in both CD4 and CD8 T cells, with CD8 T cells displaying greater ingress (123%) and egress (52%) compared with CD4 T cells (ingress, 83%; egress, 37%). The cell surface expression intensity of CXCR4 was affected only on CD8 T cells, with a significant increase in cell surface expression immediately postexercise versus pre-exercise levels. The CD31 T cells displayed greater redistribution than CD31 T cells (119 versus 102%). CXCR4-expressing T cells showed greater response to acute exercise than CXCR4 cells, which was accompanied by large changes in CXCR4 ligand SDF-1α. The results show that acute exercise increases T cells in the circulation in response to an acute exercise stressor. Additionally, CXCR4 cell surface expression appears to be increased in response to exercise, which may result from the direct upregulation of CXCR4 on the T-cell surface or could be due to CD31 T cells being redistributed into the blood expressing greater levels of CXCR4.

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“…The effects of cardiorespiratory fitness appeared to be largely independent of age, body composition, and CMV serostatus [69]. Similar observations have been made in young adults who engage in structured exercise that is typical of training for competitive team sports [70, 71]. In the elderly, however, an active lifestyle only appears to limit the accumulation of late-stage differentiated T cells and does not appear to substantially affect the proportions of naïve T cells [72].…”

Section: The Effects Of Aerobic Exercise Training On Late-stage DImentioning

confidence: 76%

Does Regular Exercise Counter T Cell Immunosenescence Reducing the Risk of Developing Cancer and Promoting Successful Treatment of Malignancies?

Turner

Brum

2017

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Moderate intensity aerobic exercise training or regular physical activity is beneficial for immune function. For example, some evidence shows that individuals with an active lifestyle exhibit stronger immune responses to vaccination compared to those who are inactive. Encouragingly, poor vaccine responses, which are characteristic of an ageing immune system, can be improved by single or repeated bouts of exercise. In addition, exercise-induced lymphocytosis, and the subsequent lymphocytopenia, is thought to facilitate immune surveillance, whereby lymphocytes search tissues for antigens derived from viruses, bacteria, or malignant transformation. Aerobic exercise training is anti-inflammatory and is linked to lower morbidity and mortality from diseases with infectious, immunological, and inflammatory aetiologies, including cancer. These observations have led to the view that aerobic exercise training might counter the age-associated decline in immune function, referred to as immunosenescence. This article summarises the aspects of immune function that are sensitive to exercise-induced change, highlighting the observations which have stimulated the idea that aerobic exercise training could prevent, limit, or delay immunosenescence, perhaps even restoring aged immune profiles. These potential exercise-induced anti-immunosenescence effects might contribute to the mechanisms by which active lifestyles reduce the risk of developing cancer and perhaps benefit patients undergoing cancer therapy.

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Training status and sex influence on senescent T-lymphocyte redistribution in response to acute maximal exercise

Abstract: This study highlights important sex and training status differences in the senescent and naïve T-lymphocyte redistribution in response to exercise that warrants further investigation.

Cited by 36 publications

References 177 publications

Exercise, immune function and respiratory infection: An update on the influence of training and environmental stress

Exercise, immune function and respiratory infection: An update on the influence of training and environmental stress

A 10 km time trial running bout acutely increases the number of angiogenic T cells in the peripheral blood compartment of healthy males

Does Regular Exercise Counter T Cell Immunosenescence Reducing the Risk of Developing Cancer and Promoting Successful Treatment of Malignancies?

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