Training the human adaptive controller

Gaines, Brian R.

doi:10.1049/piee.1968.0209

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The analysis of the specific training strategy adopted in Gaines (1972a) which most closely resembles the abstract approach of Theorem 2 is that in control-theoretical terms given in Gaines (1968). It is noted that for a family of servomechanisms of increasing performance the stability boundaries in the natural-frequency/damping-ratio plane (the task plane) of the tracking task are nested within one another (and hence generate a lattice ordering task by natural-frequency/damping-ratio).…”

Section: Analysis Of Feedback Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training, stability and control

Gaines

1974

Instr Sci

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This paper presents a system-theoretic approach to the analysis of the problem of training formally relating it to the control of an abstract dynamic system, the "adaption automaton" of the trainee. The utility of this formulation and the possibility of basing real training strategies upon it are discussed, and it is argued that further constraints upon the automaton are both necessary, and available, in so far as the theory corresponds to practical reality. The minimal constraints generate an extended theory in which training is related to the stability of the adaption automaton. More practical constraints lead to theoretical foundations for strategies of "feedback" or "adaptive" training. Corresponding to each set of constraints a "training theorem" is proved which demonstrates that the constraint is adequate to lead to a simple universal training strategy, Although this paper is highly theoretical it is argued that the formal concepts introduced correspond to intuitive models of the phenomena of learning and training which are implicit in the design of many training systems. It is hoped that the formal analysis will throw new light on these implicit assumptions and help to clarify discussion of practical approaches to training, including the possibility of "computeraided instruction" given on our present level of knowledge of human cognitive skills or individual students.

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Section: Analysis Of Feedback Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training, stability and control

Gaines

1974

Instr Sci

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“…The main objective of the research studies described in this paper was to investigate the feasibility and utility of teaching machines, automatic training devices, for perceptual-motor skills (Gaines, 1965;1968a). The value of such devices in teaching cognitive skills, such as arithmetic and language, has been widely studied (Macdonald Ross, 1969), but the use of equivalent systems in teaching perceptual-motor skills, such as flying, driving and tracking, has been investigated by few workers with varied results (Ziegler et al, 1962;Kelley, 1962;Hudson, 1964;Lowes et al, 1968;Kelley and Kelley, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The learning of perceptual-motor skills by men and machines and its relationship to training

Gaines

1972

Instr Sci

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Gaines, B. R. (1972). The learning of perceptual-motor skills by men and machines and its relationship to training.Instructional Science 1, 263-312. The learning of perceptual-motor skills by men and machines and its relationship to training Brian R. Gaines Department of Electrical Engineering ScienceUniversity of Essex AbstractAs part of a program of research on-the feasibility and utility of automated training devices, "teaching machines," for perceptual-motor skills, a comparative study has been made of human operators and computer-simulated learning-machines learning a high order tracking task under a variety of conditions.One outcome of this study has been to suggest, through the similarity of learning phenomena shown by men and machines, that there are important characteristics of learning which may be divorced from the particular physical realisation of a learning device, and hence are entirely conditioned by the learning environment. This has practical implications for training and for the evaluation of training devices, since a general theory of learning phenomena may be developed and standard learning artifacts may be used in the optimization of training techniques.This paper analyses training as a control problem in the state-space of the adaption-automaton of the trainee, and develops a strategy for training based upon the epistemological problems of the trainee. A specific feedback training controller for a class of tracking skills is then outlined and its behaviour investigated theoretically and experimentally. Finally, a major experiment involving the training of both humans and learning machines under a variety of conditions is described and analysed.

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Origins of Stochastic Computing

Gaines

2019

Stochastic Computing: Techniques and Applications

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Training the human adaptive controller

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Training, stability and control

Training, stability and control

The learning of perceptual-motor skills by men and machines and its relationship to training

Origins of Stochastic Computing

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