Attribute-Based Asymmetric Group Key Agreement (AB-AGKA) protocol allows group members who meet attribute requirements to agreement a common secret, obtain a symmetric session key from it, and implement fine-grained access control. However, since the authentication of group members in the AB-AGKA protocol is based on user attributes, once users disclose their information to others, the system cannot identify the traitor. Chameleon hash is a special hash function with trapdoors, and only those who have trapdoors can calculate hash collisions. Therefore, this paper combines an attribute-based signature scheme and chameleon hash algorithm to design an Attribute-Based Chameleon Signature (AB-CS) scheme, which addresses the tracking problem of dishonest group members during protocol agreement. Finally, an efficiency analysis of AB-CS is conducted, and the results demonstrate that our scheme is efficient.