“…In contrast to a significant body of studies on the company-related brand hate antecedents, research on consumer-related antecedents is limited (Kucuk, 2019b). Past studies tend to classify brand hate antecedents into the following three categories: - negative past experience and corporate wrongdoings such as product and service failures (Zhang and Laroche, 2020; Kucuk, 2018; Zarantonello et al , 2016) or a troublesome experience (Zhang and Laroche, 2020);
- ideological incompatibility referring to a conflict with values and beliefs of consumers (Curina et al , 2019; Kucuk, 2019b; Hegner et al , 2017; Romani et al , 2009; Dalli et al , 2006), in particular, ethnocentrism of consumers (Alba and Lutz, 2013); and
- symbolic/image incongruity (Curina et al , 2019; Zarantonello et al , 2016, 2018) revealing a mismatch between the typical brand image and one’s actual self-image (Sirgy, 1982).
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