“…This is because those injured usually experience functional impairment (Busse et al, 2019), chronic pain (Griffioen et al, 2016), sleep disturbance (Shulman et al, 2015), and depression (Williams et al, 2014). These multiple sequelae are compounded, and jointly, they provide a solid base for decreased QoL, especially at 6 months (Van Son et al, 2016), 12 months, and 2 years following hospital discharge (Lin et al, 2016). However, most studies have focused on long-term outcomes and have not explored internal or psychological factors, such as patients’ self-regulation (Willemse et al, 2019; Woodhouse et al, 2018).…”