Trajectories of the course of schizophrenia: From progressive deterioration to amelioration over three decades

The German TEIQue-SF: Factorial structure and relations to agentic and communal traits and mental health

“…For instance, Levine, Lurie, Kohn, and Levav (2011) identified four long-term course groups of schizophrenia which might also differ in terms of their TEI trajectories prior and during the course of schizophrenia. Given its relation to IMHDs, improving TEI might be an important goal in the treatment of schizophrenia.…”

The use of clinical and biological characteristics to predict outcome following First Episode Psychosis

“…We do not propose that outcomes are completely pre-determined at disease onset, but that structured assessment and modeling of multivariate cross-sectional and longitudinal predictors can be used to describe the risk of specific outcome trajectories. Evidence from new statistical techniques such as GMM suggests the possibility of clustering individual crosssectional and longitudinal mental health outcomes into trajectory groups based on specific risk criteria in schizophrenia and other disorders (Levine et al, 2011;Peer and Spaulding, 2007;Wigman et al, 2011;Willke et al, 2012). Figure 1 shows a systematic approach to the description of disease and functional trajectories of psychotic disorders, and its potential translation into clinical practice.…”

Long-term trajectories of positive and negative symptoms in first episode psychosis: A 10year follow-up study in the OPUS cohort

“…A significant majority showed improvement and stabilization in positive symptoms (Rabinowitz et al, 2007). Levine et al (2011) identified five distinct illness trajectories, where the typical course was one of initial deterioration followed by progressive amelioration (Levine et al, 2011). A limitation of both these studies was the use of number of days hospitalized as a proxy for clinical symptoms, which may not directly reflect levels of psychopathology, given the criteria for admission to hospital can vary depending on the health service.…”