Trajectories to extinction: spatial dynamics of the contraction of geographical ranges

Channell, Rob; Lomolino, Mark V.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00382.x

Cited by 223 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…They are not. The results presented by Channell & Lomolino (2000) are significant precisely because they suggest that factors other than the development of human-specific antipredator behaviours have insulated African faunas against mechanisms driving extinctions elsewhere. And there are many alternative possibilities because Africa is unique in many respects, including greater available habitat area, greater long-term climatic stability, greater equatorial exposure and extraordinary mammalian diversity (Ambrose 1998, Berger 2000.…”

Section: Naivet6mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Interestingly, it appears that the dynamics of species undergoing range contraction in present-day Africa are unique, but not restricted to large species that are hunted by humans. Channell & Lomolino (2000) have argued that a singular pattern of contraction extends to a wide range of extant African species: large and small, avian and mammalian, terrestrial and volant. These authors invoke Martin's (1984) concept of coevolution with humans to account for the unique response of African taxa.…”

Section: Naivet6mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Megafaunal extinction in the late Quaternary and the global overkill hypothesis

Wroe¹,

Field

Fullagar

et al. 2004

Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology

157

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Section: Naivet6mentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Naivet6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Megafaunal extinction in the late Quaternary and the global overkill hypothesis

Wroe¹,

Field

Fullagar

et al. 2004

Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…To complicate the issue further, Channell & Lomolino (2000) have undertaken analyses of 309 declining species, using historical data, and have found that the predominant pattern is consistent with the 'contagion hypothesis' of range collapse, i.e. the extinction process first impacts a peripheral population, but then moves to drive more central populations to extinction, so that the last populations to persist are to be found (perhaps in isolates) towards a point on the historic range margin.…”

Section: Integrating Pattern and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Biogeography: assessment and prospect

Whittaker

Araújo

Jepson

et al. 2005

Diversity and Distributions

1,070

874

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There is general agreement among scientists that biodiversity is under assault on a global basis and that species are being lost at a greatly enhanced rate. This article examines the role played by biogeographical science in the emergence of conservation guidance and makes the case for the recognition of Conservation Biogeography as a key subfield of conservation biology delimited as: the application of biogeographical principles, theories, and analyses, being those concerned with the distributional dynamics of taxa individually and collectively, to problems concerning the conservation of biodiversity. Conservation biogeography thus encompasses both a substantial body of theory and analysis, and some of the most prominent planning frameworks used in conservation. Considerable advances in conservation guidelines have been made over the last few decades by applying biogeographical methods and principles. Herein we provide a critical review focussed on the sensitivity to assumptions inherent in the applications we examine. In particular, we focus on four inter-related factors: (i) scale dependency (both spatial and temporal); (ii) inadequacies in taxonomic and distributional data (the so-called Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls); (iii) effects of model structure and parameterisation; and (iv) inadequacies of theory. These generic problems are illustrated by reference to studies ranging from the application of historical biogeography, through island biogeography, and complementarity analyses to bioclimatic envelope modelling. There is a great deal of uncertainty inherent in predictive analyses in conservation biogeography and this area in particular presents considerable challenges.Protected area planning frameworks and their resulting map outputs are amongst the most powerful and influential applications within conservation biogeography, and at the global scale are characterised by the production, by a small number of prominent NGOs, of bespoke schemes, which serve both to mobilise funds and channel efforts in a highly targeted fashion. We provide a simple typology of protected area planning frameworks, with particular reference to the global scale, and provide a brief critique of some of their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we discuss the importance, especially at regional scales, of developing more responsive analyses and models that integrate pattern (the compositionalist approach) and processes (the functionalist approach) such as range collapse and climate change, again noting the sensitivity of outcomes to starting assumptions. We make the case for the greater engagement of the biogeographical community in a programme of evaluation and refinement of all such schemes to test their robustness and their sensitivity to alternative conservation priorities and goals.

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“…In contrast to results from previous studies, we found strong support for greater vulnerability of edge populations relative to those located near the core of the range. Our analysis differed in three important ways from past studies that have found that edge populations are more likely to persist than core populations (6,25). Unlike past studies, we controlled for threat levels, protected areas, and spatial autocorrelation, which should lead to more robust inference.…”

Section: A Jubatus (As) (Ce) P Tigris (E) P Leo (V) a Jubatus (Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic and environmental drivers of modern range loss in large mammals

Yackulic

Sanderson

Uriarte

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

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The extinction of a species is inevitably preceded by the extirpation of a series of local populations. Ecological theory predicts that vulnerability to extirpation varies between populations and is ultimately linked to environmental heterogeneity. If populations of a species are present in multiple regions separated by abrupt changes in environmental conditions (e.g., biomes), spatial variation in vulnerability to extirpation may be closely linked to the distribution of these regions. In the absence of abrupt shifts in environmental conditions, populations at the edge of a species' range should have low growth rates and be more vulnerable to extirpation, whereas populations located in the core of the species' range should be exposed to more favorable environmental conditions, have higher growth rates, and be less vulnerable. Here, we ask whether the distribution of biomes or range position better reflects spatial variation in vulnerability for 43 mammal species distributed through four continents. We control for the distribution of human threats and quantify the importance of protected areas in population persistence. We conclude that the distribution of biomes is a better predictor of vulnerability than position in the geographic range. We also find that core populations are less vulnerable than edge populations (after controlling for threats levels and protected areas). Protected areas are important for the persistence of most species we studied. By providing a measure of vulnerability linked directly to the distribution of threats, our results offer insights for scaling up from species vulnerability to extinction risk.T he geographic ranges of many species are composed of multiple interacting local populations (1). Range loss occurs as local populations are progressively extirpated (2).Focusing on range loss, and the extirpation of these local populations, provides insight into the process of extinction, and can help inform conservation action and management. For example, studies of range collapse can draw attention to declining species before they reach levels requiring intensive interventions (2, 3) and this focus can uncover the drivers of range loss, providing important insights for management (3, 4). Even if a species is still globally common, studying range loss can also identify where ecosystems are losing local populations of a given species (5).Although it is clear that various forms of human modification of the environment are the major extrinsic drivers of extirpations (2, 6), there is ongoing debate about the role that other factors, including intraspecific variation in vulnerability play in determining patterns of range loss.

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Trajectories to extinction: spatial dynamics of the contraction of geographical ranges

Cited by 223 publications

References 36 publications

Megafaunal extinction in the late Quaternary and the global overkill hypothesis

Megafaunal extinction in the late Quaternary and the global overkill hypothesis

Conservation Biogeography: assessment and prospect

Anthropogenic and environmental drivers of modern range loss in large mammals

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