For the purpose of significantly reducing the processing time of the apple harvesting robot during the harvesting process, it is highly necessary to carry out the corresponding studies on the methods for rapid recognition and trajectory planning. Through the comprehensive application of information relevance, the image processing area can be reduced. For image recognition and trajectory planning, the related template matching algorithm for removing the mean value and normalization product can be adopted, and segmentation methods based on different threshold values can be used for the realization of the effect. Subsequently, the comparative experiments are properly carried out to verify the effectiveness of the method used.