“…Shape identification of workpiece objects is an important issue in industrial applications due to high rate of production and automatic system efficiency. There are many references that discuss workpiece sorting [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. For tube material applications, the geometric features are measured by automated optical inspection technology then machine learning models, e.g., neural network (NN), support vector machine, and random forest, were used for sorting or identification [ 3 , 4 ].…”