Tram-pedestrian collisions: The severity of head injuries due to secondary impact with the surrounding infrastructure (ground)

Tomsovsky, Lubos; Lopot, František; Kubový, Petr; Jezdik, Roman; Hájková, Barbora; Rulc, Vojtech; Jelen, Karel

doi:10.1109/iceccme55909.2022.9988616

2022 International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME) 2022

DOI: 10.1109/iceccme55909.2022.9988616

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Tram-pedestrian collisions: The severity of head injuries due to secondary impact with the surrounding infrastructure (ground)

Lubos Tomsovsky

František Lopot

Petr Kubový

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Drainage Troughs as a Protective Measure in Subway–Pedestrian Collisions: A Multibody Model Evaluation

Hall,

Gildea,

Simms

2024

Applied Sciences

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Introduction: Subway–pedestrian collisions are a significant and growing problem, but they are poorly understood. This study presents the first subway–pedestrian collision model with the aim of evaluating the baseline safety performance of an R160 NYC train and track combination and the potential safety effects of drainage trough depth. Methods: A baseline simulation test sample of 384 unique impacts (8 velocities (2–16 m/s), 24 positions (standing jumping and lying), and 2 track types (flat and crossties)) was created in MADYMO. The full simulation test sample (N = 1920) included with various depth drainage troughs (0–1 m). Head injuries and wheel and third rail contacts were evaluated. Results: Limb–wheel contact occurred in 60% of scenarios. Primary and secondary contact HIC15 showed similar high severity, with an HIC15 < 2000 (88% risk of AIS 4+) in 29% of results for both train and ground contact. Impact velocity strongly influences primary contact HIC15 with limited effect on secondary contact. Impact velocities between 6 and 16 m/s showed little change in wheel contact. Increasing the trough depth up to 0.5 m showed a decrease in wheel contact probability with little increase in secondary contact. No further benefits were found above 0.5 m. Conclusions: A subway–pedestrian collision model is presented which predicts that wheel–pedestrian contact risk can be reduced with a 0.5 m drainage trough. The model suggests that slower impact velocities may reduce head injury risk for primary contact; however, this will have less effect on injuries caused by secondary and wheel contact.

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Drainage Troughs as a Protective Measure in Subway–Pedestrian Collisions: A Multibody Model Evaluation

Hall,

Gildea,

Simms

2024

Applied Sciences

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Development of an Equivalent Analysis Model of PVB Laminated Glass for TRAM Crash Safety Analysis

Jeong,

Jeon,

Lee

et al. 2024

Polymers

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This study focuses on an equivalent model of Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) laminated glass to simulate the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) when a pedestrian collides with a TRAM. To simulate the collision behavior that occurs when a pedestrian’s head collides with PVB laminated glass, a comparison was made between the results of the widely used PLC model for PVB laminated glass modeling and an actual dynamic head impact test. The material properties of the tempered glass and PVB film used in the PLC and equivalent models were obtained via four-point bending tests and tensile tests, respectively. The proposed equivalent model is developed by assigning the thickness, material properties, and positional information of each layer in the multilayer PLC model to the integration points of the shell element. The results of the equivalent analysis model were found to accurately simulate the collision behavior when compared with the results of both the dynamic head impact test and the PLC model. Moreover, the analysis cost improved to approximately 15% of that of the traditional PLC model.

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Tram-pedestrian collisions: The severity of head injuries due to secondary impact with the surrounding infrastructure (ground)

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Drainage Troughs as a Protective Measure in Subway–Pedestrian Collisions: A Multibody Model Evaluation

Drainage Troughs as a Protective Measure in Subway–Pedestrian Collisions: A Multibody Model Evaluation

Development of an Equivalent Analysis Model of PVB Laminated Glass for TRAM Crash Safety Analysis

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