Tramways in Urban Areas: An Overview on Safety at Road Intersections

Guerrieri, Marco

doi:10.1007/s40864-018-0093-5

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Budzynski et al (2019a) have categorised tram accidents into four groups: 1) involving a single tram, 2) involving other trams, 3) involving other road users, and 4) others, i.e., accidents between cars and pedestrians near tram stops. In our study, we have focussed on accidents involving other road users, more specifically pedestrians, as they present a particular challenge due to their vulnerability in traffic (Guerrieri, 2018).…”

Section: Accident Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the reopening of tramway lines has been concentrated to western Europe (such as France, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom), in Germany and eastern Europe, the existing systems continue to be expanded and modernised (MVG, 2009). The renaissance of trams goes hand in hand with efforts to improve mobility, accessibility and reduce environmental issues in urban areas (Guerrieri, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tram to Pedestrian Collisions—Priorities and Potentials

Lackner

Heinzl

Rizzi

et al. 2022

Front. Future Transp.

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To improve mobility in cities in line with environmental goals, in urban traffic, trams represent an increasingly important means of transport. Due to the close interaction with other road users, this makes collisions with trams fairly frequent. This study has investigated accidents between trams and vulnerable road users resulting in personal injury, aimed at identifying priorities for simulating collisions between trams and pedestrians to assess passive safety measures. Tram accident data collection established throughout Europe from multiple sources and with varying degree of details, have been combined and analysed. These analyses comprise risk assessments per km-driven and general tram accident partner and site type evaluations, with more detailed analyses on accident site distance to the closest tram stop and injured body regions, respectively. In total, 7,535 tram-pedestrian accident resulting in 8,802 pedestrian injuries, collected in the year 2000–2021, was analysed. Accident risk ranges from 0.934 accidents per number of tram (million) km-driven, for slight injuries to 0.063 for fatal injuries. Pedestrians represent a large proportion of tram accident collision partners, especially for severe and fatal accidents. In accidents between trams and pedestrians, 3% of reported injuries are fatal, 23% severe and 74% minor. Generally, low-speed accidents close to tram stops often leading to minor injuries were observed to be of significant importance (<20m to the GPS location of a stop). Analysis of accidents was done bases on gender of the pedestrian showing overall similar involvements in accident with slight difference for various age groups and sites. Regardless of injury severity, the most frequently injured body region in accidents involving a tram is the head. Likewise, injuries sustained to the thorax, especially for higher injury severities are of high relevance, followed by injuries to the lower extremities. Based on this study, recommendations for developing reasonable tram-pedestrian accident scenarios for virtual testing can be derived for further optimisation of pedestrian safety of trams.

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Section: Accident Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tram to Pedestrian Collisions—Priorities and Potentials

Lackner

Heinzl

Rizzi

et al. 2022

Front. Future Transp.

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“…Authors of the paper (Kruszyna & Rychlewski, 2013) studied the influence of approaching tram on pedestrians' behavior on signalized crosswalks. Another study (Guerrieri, 2018) contains a classification of tramways in terms of the infrastructure and Page of 76 ToTS Volume 11, Issue 2: pg64-pg76…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between tram passengers and road vehicles at tram stops - a pilot study

Soczówka¹,

Żochowska²

2020

ToTS

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Modern urban and metropolitan areas face numerous problems associated with transport activity, such as pollution, congestion, noise or traffic incidents. One of the solutions to cope with these issues may be encouraging people to use means of public transport instead of private cars. However, that requires the fulfillment of demands that present, as well as potential, passengers have. One of the most important passengers' demands is safety of all operations of public transport. In case of tram transport one aspect of safety is associated with the process of boarding the tram and alighting from it at stops separated from tram tracks by roadway, which forces passengers to enter the road. It is hazardous for all passengers and poses an additional risk for disabled passengers. In this paper an analysis of interactions between tram passengers and drivers of road vehicles at such tram stops, during the boarding and alighting from the tram was performed. For that purpose also a classification of tram stops stations was conducted, with the number of traffic lanes that passengers have to pass through being the main criterion. Also, the review of literature on this subject was conducted. For the research during the pilot study the tram network in Metropolis GZM in southern Poland was chosen and all tram stops stations on the network were inspected in order to obtain characteristics necessary for classification. Research during this pilot study allowed to identify conflict interactions that take place at tram stops. Examples of such interactions have been presented in the paper. Paper also contains conclusions and propositions of changes that may be implemented at tram stops that may lead to increase of the level of safety of passengers who try to board the tram or alight from the tram.

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“…The tramway traffic demand had been declining up until the beginning of the 1970s (Fig. 3) to then be incentivized once again from 2000 to present days [19][20][21]. Urban traffic has shifted from 1.053 million passengers per km in 2005 to 1.305 million passengers per km in 2015 [21].…”

Section: Tramway Lines and Passengers In Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) to then be incentivized once again from 2000 to present days [19][20][21]. Urban traffic has shifted from 1.053 million passengers per km in 2005 to 1.305 million passengers per km in 2015 [21]. Extra-urban traffic has increased from 50 million passengers per km in 2005 to 85 million passengers per km in 2015.…”

Section: Tramway Lines and Passengers In Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

Catenary-Free Tramway Systems: Functional and Cost–Benefit Analysis for a Metropolitan Area

Guerrieri

2019

Urban Rail Transit

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New tramway technologies such as ''groundlevel power supply systems'' fit with the purpose of preserving historical heritage and urban environments of city centers. Such public transportation systems do not require a traditional air supply system (? 750 V) and are therefore referred to as ''catenary-free systems'' (i.e., APS system, tramwave system, Primove system). Their implementation is becoming increasingly widespread, especially for cities with prestigious historical heritage, where high levels of environmental sustainability, capacity, reliability and safety standards are required. The study compares some of the most well-known and novel catenary-free systems for the creation of a 68-km tramway system, to be implemented in a metropolitan city. For each of the 7 new tramways, AIMSUN microsimulations were run to identify the most appropriate tramway track geometry and road section to minimize the interference with the vehicle activity. Moreover, for each system a financial and economic performance analysis has been carried out for an investment of about 869 million euros, while taking into account different scenarios of transportation demand. In addition, a cost-benefit analysis of the tramway lines investment project has been presented, including the calculation of the financial net present value, the economic net present value, rate of return of the investment and costbenefit ratio. The analysis demonstrates that the APS ground-level power supply system is a proven alternative with greater economic and financial performance.

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Tramways in Urban Areas: An Overview on Safety at Road Intersections

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Tram to Pedestrian Collisions—Priorities and Potentials

Tram to Pedestrian Collisions—Priorities and Potentials

Interactions between tram passengers and road vehicles at tram stops - a pilot study

Catenary-Free Tramway Systems: Functional and Cost–Benefit Analysis for a Metropolitan Area

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