Trans-ethnic gut microbial signatures of prediabetic subjects from India and Denmark

Abstract

Background Recent studies have indicated an association of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, large-scale investigation of the gut microbiota of “prediabetic” (PD) subjects has not been reported. Identifying robust gut microbiome signatures of prediabetes and characterizing early prediabetic stages is important for the understanding of disease development and could be crucial in early diagnosis and prevention. Methods The current study performed amplification and sequencing on the variable regions (V1–V5) of the 16S rRNA genes to profile and compare gut microbiota of prediabetic individuals (N = 262) with normoglycemic individuals (N = 275) from two cohorts in India and Denmark. Similarly, fasting serum inflammatory biomarkers were profiled from the study participants. Results After correcting for strong country-specific cohort effect, 16 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) including members from the genera Prevotella9, Phascolarctobacterium, Barnesiella, Flavonifractor, Tyzzerella_4, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Agathobacter were identified as enriched in normoglycaemic subjects with respect to the subjects with prediabetes using a negative binomial Wald test. We also identified 144 OTUs enriched in the prediabetic subjects, which included members from the genera Megasphaera, Streptococcus, Prevotella9, Alistipes, Mitsuokella, Escherichia/Shigella, Prevotella2, Vibrio, Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Rhodococcus, and Klebsiella. Comparative analyses of relative abundance of bacterial taxa revealed that the Streptococcus, Escherichia/Shigella, Prevotella2, Vibrio, and Alloprevotella OTUs exhibited more than fourfold enrichment in the gut microbiota of prediabetic subjects. When considering subjects from the two geographies separately, we were able to identify additional gut microbiome signatures of prediabetes. The study reports a probable association of Megasphaera OTU(s) with impaired glucose tolerance, which is significantly pronounced in Indian subjects. While the overall results confirm a state of proinflammation as early as in prediabetes, the Indian cohort exhibited a characteristic pattern of abundance of inflammatory markers indicating low-grade intestinal inflammation at an overall population level, irrespective of glycemic status. Conclusions The results present trans-ethnic gut microbiome and inflammation signatures associated with prediabetes, in Indian and Danish populations. The identified associations may be explored further as potential early indicators for individuals at risk of dysglycemia.

Gut Microbiome-Based Diagnostic Model to Predict Diabetes Mellitus

“…The genus streptococcus was widely found in nature, human and animal stools, and healthy people's nasopharynx and intestines, which can mainly cause suppurative in ammation, toxin diseases and hypersensitivity reactive diseases. It was also reported in diabetes in previous studies [23]. In our study, there were two prevotella genera in bacterial abundance and clinical indicators, which is the result of the current Greenggenes database.…”

“…This effect seems to be related to the enhancement of the metabolic pathways including terpenoid-quinone, lipopolysaccharides and N-glycan biosynthesis [22]. The genus Alistipes is also very important in the diabetic group, and the effect of the genus Alistipes on diabetes has also been reported recently [23]. The genus Alistipes is currently considered to be a bacterium that produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which have a number of potential roles in modulating metabolic health and DM risk factors, such as blood glucose regulation and metabolic regulation, and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier [24].…”

Alterations of gut microbiota in gestational diabetes patients during the second trimester of pregnancy in the Shanghai Han population

“…In the study of gene expression of the bacteria found that more than half of the genes involved in the complex of Mycoloyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan [ 33 ]. A study analyzed the gut microbime of 144 prediabetic subjects [ 34 ] and found that the relative abundance of Nocardiaceae and Rhodococcus was significantly increased. Studies have found that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is closely related to metabolic syndrome, especially insulin resistance [ 35 ].…”

Role of Postbiotics in Diabetes Mellitus: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

“…Human data on postbiotics and DM are lacking, and we identified only one trial on this topic in healthy adults [85]. It is likely that ethnic group [138,139], sex [140], and the time course of DM [141] influence the GM response to postbiotic treatments, and these aspects should be contemplated in human studies. Many of the included studies did not analyse the changes in the GM following the interventions, and this would provide valuable information about the underlying mechanisms.…”