Trans fatty acid intake increases likelihood of dyslipidemia especially among individuals with higher saturated fat consumption

Abstract

Background: Evidence points to adverse effects of trans fatty acids (TFA) on health. The aim of this study was to estimate total TFA intake, evaluate major food contributors and its effect on dyslipidemia. Methods: A total of 3537 adults (48.3% males) were included. Total TFA intake was assessed using two 24-hour dietary recalls. Foods were categorized into specific food groups. Adjusted Logistic Regression analysis was performed to assess the likelihood of dyslipidemia by tertile of TFA aand Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA) level. Results: Median TFA intake was 0.53% of energy (from 0.34 to 0.81) ranging from 0.27 (Q1) to 0.95 (Q3) (p < 0.001, for trend), and 16% of individuals consumed TFA above 1% of their total energy. Cheese was the main contributor to TFA intake, with processed/refined grains and fried fish following. The latter was the main contributor in older adults (51+ years). Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that individuals at the highest tertile of trans consumption were 30% more likely to have dyslipidemia compared to the lowest (OR (Q3−Q1) : 1.3; 95% CI: 1.02-1.66 and OR (Q2−Q1) : 1.3; 95% CI:1.01-1.66, respectively). This increased by 10% when stratified by SFA intake (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.061-1.942) and remained significant only in individuals at the highest tertile and with higher than recommended SFA intake. Conclusions: A high intake of TFA combined with high SFA intakes further increase the likelihood of dyslipidemia and should be accounted for in public health prevention programs. Monitoring and evaluation of the recent EU legislative measures on TFA levels in foods is also necessary.

Effect of the Association of Fixed Oils from Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, Euterpe oleracea Martius, Bixa orellana Linné and Chronic SM® on Atherogenic Dyslipidemia in Wistar Rats

“…Diets rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increase insulin resistance and the incidence of cardiovascular disease. While those rich in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids perform important roles in the adjuvant treatment of heart disease, coronary disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

New dynamic approach models to estimate the effect of dietary fatty acids on lipid profiles and the incidence of cardiovascular disease in the MASHAD cohort study

“…For instance, higher intake of lauric acid leads to a substantial elevate in HDL-c levels and a significant reduction in the total cholesterol: HDL-C ratio [36]. However, professional authorities such as American Heart Association and WHO recommend the positive correlation between CVD risk and SFA intake, and all emphasize the importance of decreasing SFA consumption for a cardiovascular health [37].…”

Risk Assessment of Nitrite and Nitrate Intake from Processed Meat Products: Results from the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS)

“…Children and adolescents were classified using the extended International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) tables [39]. Total fat, trans fatty acid (TFA) and saturated fat acid (SFA) intakes had been estimated before, as % of total energy intakes [40]. Sodium intake was categorized per approximately 800 mg intake as <1500, ≥1500 and <2300 and ≥2300.…”