Trans-granular stress corrosion cracking (S.C.C.) of ferritic steels

Brown, Alan; Harrison, J. T.; Wilkins, R. D.

doi:10.1016/s0010-938x(70)80038-5

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In Figure 9, the region where the testing was performed, the cracking resistance increased towards the higher and lower limits. Embrittling was prevalent from around −575 mV to −475 mV, which is very similar to results obtained by Brown et al [2]. The fractured specimens at the more noble potentials were characterised by general corrosion and little cracking.…”

Section: Applied Electrochemical Potentialsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Extensive research [1,2] has indicated that SCC in this system is probably due to inhibition of iron corrosion in the H 2 O-CO 2 system by the time-dependent adsorption of CO. Rupture of the inhibited passive surface by emerging slip steps then creates the highly localised active region on a passive surface necessary for the development of a sharp crack. Previous work done by various researchers [1][2][3] using a wide spectrum of mechanical tests and potentio-dynamic polarisation has indicated that SCC of steel in this system occurs over a wide range of CO partial pressures and temperatures which include the typical operating conditions for coal gasification plants. This indicated that high susceptibility to SCC has not always been found in the plant, from personal experience, where SCC is indeed limited to certain areas of the plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental and Material Influences on the Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Steel in H₂O–CO–CO₂Solutions

Merwe

2012

International Journal of Corrosion

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The stress-corrosion cracking of A516 pressure vessel steel was investigated by the use of slow strain-rate tests. The orientation of samples to the rolling direction was investigated, and it was found that samples machined longitudinal to the rolling direction showed a slightly increased sensitivity to stress corrosion. The temperature variation showed that for different gas mixtures, the maximum sensitivity to stress corrosion was in the region of 45° to 55°C for the 25% CO gas mixture, whereas with higher CO concentrations, this temperature region of maximum sensitivity moved to higher temperatures. Surface finish showed a slight increase in sensitivity to cracking with increased surface roughness. The most significant increase was found with increased total gas pressures and when samples have been exposed to the environment for an extended period. This was as a result of the inhibition of the corrosion reaction by the passivation of the carbon monoxide, which is a time-dependent process.

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Section: Applied Electrochemical Potentialsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Material Influences on the Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Steel in H₂O–CO–CO₂Solutions

Merwe

2012

International Journal of Corrosion

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“…The influence of environment on the passivity of the steel was investigated by the use of polarisation characteristics in order to determine if this could give any insight into the cracking process as shown by Brown et al (1970). Thus, the extent of the passive region, as well as any change in the corrosion potential, were investigated with varying concentrations of the appropriate inhibitor.…”

Section: Polarisation Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the process is also dependent upon the presence of the carbon dioxide to form as a corrosive carbonic acid environment (Schmitt, 1983). These two components, the adsorbing carbon monoxide and the corrosive carbon dioxide, both contribute to the stress corrosion process, the one inhibiting the corrosion process and the other enhancing the corrosion of the carbon steel (Brown et al, 1970;Kowaka and Nagata, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel exposed to CO-CO₂-H₂O environments through inhibitor addition

Toit

Merwe

2013

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials

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Purpose -This investigation aims to find the degree of passivation required to completely inhibit the stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel exposed to CO-CO 2 -H 2 O environments. Design/methodology/approach -A516 pressure vessel steel was exposed to distilled water with 25 per cent CO and 75 per cent CO 2 at an overall pressure of 800 kPa with the introduction of potassium bichromate as an additional inhibitor. Slow strain-rate tests were performed to evaluate the steel for sensitivity to cracking. Electrochemical characteristics were investigated in parallel in order to determine the extent of passivation required with the addition of the inhibitor. Findings -Slow strain-rate tests showed that between 100 and 1,000 ppm potassium bichromate was required to completely mitigate cracking with a significant reduction in passivation current densities.Research limitations/implications -The chosen inhibitor is not ideal for practical applications as an inhibitor, but gave an indication of the passivation required. Practical implications -The results showed that the added inhibitor might even cause increased sensitivity to cracking in this environment, with significant passivation required for resistance to cracking. Originality/value -The degree of passivation required for complete resistance of carbon steel in 25 per cent CO-75 per cent CO 2 -H 2 O.

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“…Conditions that favor this form of SCC are higher strength of the steel, plastic deformation of the steel, high CO 2 partial pressures, presence of chlorides, and temperatures above 40C [7] . In addition, SCC has also shown to be possible in the 2-component system of CO 2 -H 2 O under certain combinations of these same conditions [7][8][9] . These forms of SCC are not due to hydrogen embrittlement, but controlled by the stability/instability of the corrosion film on the metal surface that, in turn, controls local anodic attack.…”

Section: Environmentally Assisted Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion and Selection of Alloys for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Systems: Current Challenges

Chambers

Kane²,

Yunovich

2010

All Days

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Corrosion by CO2 causes significant metal loss when compared with equivalent pH acid system, because, unlike proton reduction in conventional acid-based corrosion, there is a concomitant reaction here, stemming from direct reduction of un-dissociated carbonic acid. Given that carbonic acid is weakly ionizing acid, oxidizing and corroding potential of acidic CO2 system is significant.Experience shows that if the liquid water quantity in stream is limited and the system consistently operates above the dew point, high CO2 partial pressures can be handled in carbon steel equipment. However, when water condensation occurs, corrosion rates of steel due to carbon dioxide corrosion can be in range of 10 to 20 mm/yr. Therefore, appropriate phase behavior modeling, including ionic descriptions of different, relevant components and system speciation is an important aspect of this and any corrosion study.In the present case of CCS, the stream can also contain "trace" compounds such as SO2, NOx and Hg that arise from fossil fuels and their combustion. Interactions between the species involved in "normal" carbon dioxide corrosion and these stream constituents pose an extreme risk of corrosion to steel and possibly certain corrosion resistant alloy (e.g.13Cr through alloy 825) equipment and which is not predicted by commonly used corrosion prediction methodologies.Oil and gas industry has accumulated substantial experience and material technology to mitigate CO2 corrosion, which includes substantial laboratory data collected at high temperature and pressure conditions in service environments. In addition, corrosion models have been developed for assessment of service environments, phase behavior and effects of impurities, along with corrosion prediction and alloy selection that are widely used in the petroleum industry.

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Trans-granular stress corrosion cracking (S.C.C.) of ferritic steels

Cited by 29 publications

References 1 publication

Environmental and Material Influences on the Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Steel in H₂O–CO–CO₂Solutions

Environmental and Material Influences on the Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Steel in H₂O–CO–CO₂Solutions

Mitigation of stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel exposed to CO-CO₂-H₂O environments through inhibitor addition

Corrosion and Selection of Alloys for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Systems: Current Challenges

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Trans-granular stress corrosion cracking (S.C.C.) of ferritic steels

Cited by 29 publications

References 1 publication

Environmental and Material Influences on the Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Steel in H2O–CO–CO2Solutions

Environmental and Material Influences on the Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Steel in H2O–CO–CO2Solutions

Mitigation of stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel exposed to CO-CO2-H2O environments through inhibitor addition

Corrosion and Selection of Alloys for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Systems: Current Challenges

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Environmental and Material Influences on the Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Steel in H₂O–CO–CO₂Solutions

Environmental and Material Influences on the Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Steel in H₂O–CO–CO₂Solutions

Mitigation of stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel exposed to CO-CO₂-H₂O environments through inhibitor addition