Trans-ionospheric GPS signal delay gradients observed over mid-latitude Europe during the geomagnetic storms of October–November 2003

Stankov, S. M.; Warnant, René; Stegen, K.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2008.12.012

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This north-south orientation coincides with the preferential orientation of ionospheric walls during geomagnetic storms, as analyzed by Stankov et al (2009). They describe the TEC behavior during the occurrence of geomagnetic storms in the USA and Europe.…”

Section: Effect Of Baseline Orientationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Ionospheric effects on relative positioning within a dense GPS network

2011

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Local variability in total electron content can seriously affect the accuracy of GNSS real-time applications. We have developed software to compute the positioning error due to the ionosphere for all baselines of the Belgian GPS network, called the Active Geodetic Network (AGN). In a first step, a reference day has been chosen to validate the methodology by comparing results with the nominal accuracy of relative positioning at centimeter level. Then, the effects of two types of ionospheric disturbances on the positioning error have been analyzed: (1) Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) and (2) noiselike variability due to geomagnetic storms. The influence of baseline length on positioning error has been analyzed for these three cases. The analysis shows that geomagnetic storms induce the largest positioning error (more than 2 m for a 20 km baseline) and that the positioning error depends on the baseline orientation. Baselines oriented parallel to the propagation direction of the ionospheric disturbances are more affected than others. The positioning error due to ionospheric small-scale structures can be so identified by our method, which is not always the case with the modern ionosphere mitigation techniques. In the future, this ionospheric impact formulation could be considered in the development of an integrity monitoring service for GNSS relative positioning users.

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Section: Effect Of Baseline Orientationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Ionospheric effects on relative positioning within a dense GPS network

2011

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“…slab thickness) can assist various GNSS applications, such as improving the integrity and performance of network RTK positioning services, the 'ionospheric threat' identification/estimation in aircraft navigation, etc. (Stankov andJakowski, 2006, 2007;Pullen et al, 2008;Stankov et al, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric slab thickness – Analysis, modelling and monitoring

Stankov

Warnant

2009

Advances in Space Research

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A review of the climatological and storm-time behaviour of the ionospheric slab thickness is presented based on long-time observations at a European mid-latitude site, Dourbes (50.1°N, 04.6°E), and on published results from other studies. An operational electron density and slab thickness monitoring system, established to provide real-time characterisation of the local ionospheric dynamics, is outlined together with some exemplary results.

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“…Horizontal gradients do exist and may be fairly abrupt (e.g. Doherty et al 2004;Stankov et al 2009) but a method for dealing with such gradients for GPS Surv Geophys (2011) 32:197-253 213 analysis has not yet been described. Finally, such gradients are not necessarily well characterised on a day to day basis.…”

Section: Bendingmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Review of Higher Order Ionospheric Refraction Effects on Dual Frequency GPS

et al. 2010

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Higher order ionospheric effects are increasingly relevant as precision requirements on GPS data and products increase. The refractive index of the ionosphere is affected by its electron content and the magnetic field of the Earth, so the carrier phase of the GPS L1 and L2 signals is advanced and the modulated code delayed. Due to system design the polarisation is unaffected. Most of the effect is removed by expanding the refractive index as a series and eliminating the first term with a linear combination of the two signals. However, the higher order terms remain. Furthermore, transiting gradients in refractive index at a non-perpendicular angle causes signal bending. In addition to the initial geometric bending term, another term allows for the difference that the curvature makes in electron content along each signal. Varying approximations have been made for practical implementation, mainly to avoid the need for a vertical profile of electron density. The magnetic field may be modelled as a tilted co-centric dipole, or using more realistic models such as the International Geomagnetic Reference Field. The largest effect is from the second term in the expansion of the refractive index. Up to several cm on L2, it particularly affects z-translation, and satellite orbits and clocks in a global network of GPS stations. The third term is at the level of the errors in modelling the second order term, while the bending terms appear to be absorbed by tropospheric parameters. Modelling improvements are possible, and three frequency transmissions will allow new possibilities.

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Trans-ionospheric GPS signal delay gradients observed over mid-latitude Europe during the geomagnetic storms of October–November 2003

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

Ionospheric effects on relative positioning within a dense GPS network

Ionospheric effects on relative positioning within a dense GPS network

Ionospheric slab thickness – Analysis, modelling and monitoring

A Review of Higher Order Ionospheric Refraction Effects on Dual Frequency GPS

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