trans-Palmitoleic acid, other dairy fat biomarkers, and incident diabetes: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Mozaffarian, Dariush; Otto, Marcia C. de Oliveira; Lemaître, Rozenn N.; Fretts, Amanda M.; Hotamışlıgil, Gökhan S.; Tsai, Michael Y.; Siscovick, David S.; Nettleton, Jennifer A.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.045468

Cited by 238 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…When dyslipidemic subjects received capsules with 220.5 mg cis-palmitoleate for 30 d, there were significant reductions in C-reactive protein, TGs, and LDL cholesterol and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (79). Also, the consumption of trans-palmitoleate from dairy was associated with lower amounts of inflammation, but mixed relations with serum lipids (19,33). In various studies (42,43,92), but not all studies (93), the consumption of macadamia nuts (which contain high cis-palmitoleate concentrations) was related to favorable serum lipid profiles.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 94%

“…In animal models, cis-palmitoleate decreased the expression of proinflammatory markers and adipokines, which are related to the establishment of metabolic abnormalities (16)(17)(18). Trans-palmitoleate (1) is found in dairy products and partially hydrogenated oils and may be associated with favorable metabolic profiles and decreased incident diabetes (19). Typically, trans FAs, which are produced for commercial cooking and frying, are related to a higher risk of endothelial dysfunction and coronary heart disease (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of the Novel Lipokine Palmitoleic Acid in Health and Disease

Frigolet

Gutiérrez-Aguilar

2017

Advances in Nutrition

197

143

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The monounsaturated fatty acid palmitoleate (palmitoleic acid) is one of the most abundant fatty acids in serum and tissues, particularly adipose tissue and liver. Its endogenous production by stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gives rise to its cis isoform, cis-palmitoleate. Although trans-palmitoleate is also synthesized in humans, it is mainly found as an exogenous source in ruminant fat and dairy products. Recently, palmitoleate was considered to be a lipokine based on evidence demonstrating its release from adipose tissue and its metabolic effects on distant organs. After this finding, research has been performed to determine whether palmitoleate has beneficial effects on metabolism and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Thus, the aim of this work was to review the current status of knowledge about palmitoleate, its metabolism, and its influence on metabolic abnormalities. Results have shown mixed cardiovascular effects, direct or inverse correlations with obesity, and hepatosteatosis, but a significant amelioration or prevention of insulin resistance and diabetes. Finally, the induction of palmitoleate release from adipose tissue, dietary intake, and its supplementation are all interventions with a potential impact on certain metabolic diseases. Adv Nutr 2017;8(Suppl):173S-81S.

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Section: Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Novel Lipokine Palmitoleic Acid in Health and Disease

Frigolet

Gutiérrez-Aguilar

2017

Advances in Nutrition

197

143

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“…However, no association was shown between circulating trans palmitoleate and risk of ischemic heart disease (38) or stroke (8). For other health outcomes such as diabetes, trans palmitoleic acid was associated with a lower fasting insulin concentration and incident diabetes in a multiethnic US cohort (40). Furthermore, circulating concentrations of the 2 odd-chain FAs pentadecanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid have reasonable correlations with dairy fat intake and, thus, may be considered as weak biomarkers of dairy fat (8,38).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy fat and risk of cardiovascular disease in 3 cohorts of US adults

Li²,

Sun³

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

153

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Background: Few prospective studies have examined dairy fat in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective: We aimed to evaluate the association between dairy fat and incident CVD in US adults. Design: We followed 43,652 men in the Health Professionals FollowUp Study , 87,907 women in the Nurses ' Health Study (1980, and 90,675 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991II ( -2011. Dairy fat and other fat intakes were assessed every 4 y with the use of validated food-frequency questionnaires. Results: During 5,158,337 person-years of follow-up, we documented 14,815 incident CVD cases including 8974 coronary heart disease cases (nonfatal myocardial infarction or fatal coronary disease) and 5841 stroke cases. In multivariate analyses, compared with an equivalent amount of energy from carbohydrates (excluding fruit and vegetables), dairy fat intake was not significantly related to risk of total CVD (for a 5% increase in energy from dairy fat, the RR was 1.02; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.05), coronary heart disease (RR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.09), or stroke (RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.05) (P . 0.05 for all). In models in which we estimated the effects of exchanging different fat sources, the replacement of 5% of energy intake from dairy fat with equivalent energy intake from polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or vegetable fat was associated with 24% (RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.81) and 10% (RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.93) lower risk of CVD, respectively, whereas the 5% energy intake substitution of other animal fat with dairy fat was associated with 6% increased CVD risk (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.09). Conclusions: The replacement of animal fats, including dairy fat, with vegetable sources of fats and PUFAs may reduce risk of CVD. Whether the food matrix may modify the effect of dairy fat on health outcomes warrants further investigation.

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“…with two earlier studies that reported inverse associations between plasma trans-palmitoleic acid concentration and incident T2DM (44,45) . It remains unclear, however, whether trans-palmitoleic acid has a specific metabolic function, or whether it is simply a marker of dairy food intake.…”

Section: Nutrition Research Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A growing body of evidence suggests that milk and dairy product consumption is associated with a reduced risk of T2DM, possibly due to the beneficial effects of dairy products on obesity and the MetS, two important risk factors for T2DM, as well as the beneficial role of certain dairy components such as protein, Ca, vitamin D, dairy fat and specifically trans-palmitoleic acid (44,45) .…”

Section: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy food products: good or bad for cardiometabolic disease?

Lovegrove

Givens

2016

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rapidly increasingly and is a key risk for CVD development, now recognised as the leading cause of death globally. Dietary strategies to reduce CVD development include reduction of saturated fat intake. Milk and dairy products are the largest contributors to dietary saturated fats in the UK and reduced consumption is often recommended as a strategy for risk reduction. However, overall evidence from prospective cohort studies does not confirm a detrimental association between dairy product consumption and CVD risk. The present review critically evaluates the current evidence on the association between milk and dairy products and risk of CVD, T2DM and the metabolic syndrome (collectively, cardiometabolic disease). The effects of total and individual dairy foods on cardiometabolic risk factors and new information on the effects of the food matrix on reducing fat digestion are also reviewed. It is concluded that a policy to lower SFA intake by reducing dairy food consumption to reduce cardiometabolic disease risk is likely to have limited or possibly negative effects. There remain many uncertainties, including differential effects of different dairy products and those of differing fat content. Focused and suitably designed and powered studies are needed to provide clearer evidence not only of the mechanisms involved, but how they may be beneficially influenced during milk production and processing.

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trans-Palmitoleic acid, other dairy fat biomarkers, and incident diabetes: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Cited by 238 publications

References 29 publications

The Role of the Novel Lipokine Palmitoleic Acid in Health and Disease

The Role of the Novel Lipokine Palmitoleic Acid in Health and Disease

Dairy fat and risk of cardiovascular disease in 3 cohorts of US adults

Dairy food products: good or bad for cardiometabolic disease?

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