Transabdominal sonography to measure the total vaginal and mucosal thicknesses

Balica, Adrian; Schertz, Katherine; Wald-Spielman, Daniella; Egan, Susan; Bachmann, Gloria

doi:10.1002/jcu.22497

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This study provides information of the vaginal wall parameters in stratified age groups, which was not the case in study by Balica et al 3 However, the mean and SD values in the reproductive young age group aged 19-45 years was found to be comparable to the aforementioned study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…They could be used to quantify vaginal atrophy and may correlate to symptoms of vulvovaginitis and their response to treatment. 3 Ultrasound vaginal wall thickness demonstrated good intra-and inter-operator reliability, as well as consistency with histological measurement. 6 Advantages of transabdominal route include that they have better patient compliance and have better learning curve than the transvaginal route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…11 The measurement of both the vaginal wall as well as the vaginal mucosa were obtained simultaneously at the level of the bladder trigone at the point of origin of the ureteric orifice thus, ensuring reproducibility in this method of measurement. This technique of measuring the vaginal wall parameters has been explained in the study by Balica et al 3 We ensured that our subjects did not present with an over-distended urinary bladder and was optimised by visualising that the uterine fundus was just covered by the distended bladder. This way we negated falsely thinned out parameters owing to stretched uterus as seen with overdistended bladder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Vaginal Vault Parameters in Stratified Age Groups and Its Social Relevance in a South Indian Population

Suresh¹,

James²,

Rodríguez³

et al. 2018

jebmh

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BACKGROUNDThe vagina and endometrium show varying thickness in response to sex steroids. The vaginal wall layers have oestrogen receptors. This study uses technique described by Balica A. et al.The aim is to compute the two parameters, VMT and VWT in different age groups using transabdominal ultrasonography. Oestrogen regulates growth and function of the vaginal layers, demonstrated in laboratory animal studies. Only few articles describe these parameters.The aim of the study is to compute the two parameters, VMT and VWT using transabdominal Ultrasonography in pubertal, reproductive age group and perimenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODSTransabdominal Ultrasonography was done in 200 patients over four months study period. Total Vaginal Wall Thickness (VWT) and Vaginal Mucosal Thickness (VMT) were measured. RESULTSOf 200 subjects, 14% were in pubertal age group. 58% patients were of the reproductive middle age group (19-45 years) and 28% were of the perimenopausal group (>45 years). Average total VMT measured 0.1024cm for the pubertal group, 0.2991cm for the reproductive group and 0.1205 cm in perimenopausal group, while VWT measures 0.6555 cm, 1.2814 cm and 0.7098 cm for the above groups respectively. CONCLUSIONStudy showed maximum vaginal wall parameters in adult reproductive age group and minimum values in perimenopausal age group.The sexually active group showed highest parameters. Thus, it is imperative to establish standard values based on the sexual activity, and thus, help in medico-legal evaluation of sexually traumatised females. KEYWORDSVaginal Wall Thickness (VWT), Vaginal Mucosal Thickness (VMT), Transabdominal Ultrasonography, Oestrogen. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Suresh KM, James N, Rodriguez MJ, et al. Assessment of vaginal vault parameters in stratified age groups and its social relevance in a South Indian population.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Vaginal Vault Parameters in Stratified Age Groups and Its Social Relevance in a South Indian Population

Suresh¹,

James²,

Rodríguez³

et al. 2018

jebmh

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“…A pilot study proposed the use of trans-abdominal ultrasound to measure vaginal wall thickness and total vaginal mucosal thickness at the bladder trigone [27]. Although the study is still preliminary, this could represent a valuable tool for obtaining an objective evaluation of vaginal health and to quantify the response to therapeutic interventions.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Vulvovaginal Atrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal Health in Menopausal Women

et al. 2019

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The aim of this review is to provide an overview of genitourinary health in peri- and postmenopause, particularly of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), which is part of genitourinary syndrome (GSM). This condition has a high prevalence among post-menopausal women and negatively affects a woman’s quality of life. Epidemiology, signs, symptoms, diagnostic criteria of VVA and target treatments for restoring vaginal health are discussed in light of the most recent literature. Issues related to this condition in menopausal women are under-diagnosed, lack objective diagnostic criteria, and consequently under-treated. Over the years, many treatments have been developed but their long-term effectiveness and safety have yet to be clearly defined. Patients are often dissatisfied and stop treatment, suggesting the need for a more personalized and tailored approach to achieve better compliance and thereby effectiveness. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the most recent literature on VVA in order to help the gynecologist in the management of this condition.

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“…[7][8][9][10] Studies with designs similar to our study have found that vaginal mucosa and vaginal wall thickness decreases with menopause. 11,15 However, it should be kept in mind that women with in menopausal age may have higher rates for chronic diseases and higher BMI and diabetes rates may lead to inaccurate results or inadequate evaluation for measurement of TVT and TMT because of increase subcutaneous adipose tissue.…”

Section: Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transabdominal ultrasonography: A non-invasive method for diagnosing vaginal atrophy

Kanmaz¹,

İnan

Beyan³

et al. 2020

Post Reprod Health

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Objective Genitourinary syndrome of menopause is a definition of all symptoms caused by hypoestrogenemia in menopausal age and one of the most common symptoms is vaginal atrophy. The diagnosis methods which are used for vaginal atrophy may be painful. A novel method total vaginal thickness and total mucosal thickness measuring could be determine vaginal atrophy. Material and methods This is a prospective case–control study involving 60 women in each group of 120 patients. One of the groups is comprised postmenopausal, histopathologically diagnosed vaginal atrophic women and the other group comprised 24–35 aged women who were no symptoms of vaginal atrophy and vaginal swab samples are not compatible with vaginal atrophy. All women who participated in the study underwent transabdominal ultrasound and total vaginal thickness and total mucosal thickness were measured. Results Total vaginal thickness and total mucosal thickness were found lower in the postmenopausal group compared to premenopausal women ( p = 0.005 and p = 0.07, respectively). The cutoff value was determined as 8.55 mm for total vaginal thickness and 1.52 mm for total mucosal thickness, and the diagnostic power of these values is a specificity of 88.89% (95% confidence interval: 51.75–99.72%) and a ppv of 92.86% (95% confidence interval: 66.53–98.84%) for total vaginal thickness and a specificity of 80.95% (95% confidence interval: 58.09–94.55%) and a ppv of 89.47% (95% confidence interval: 71.10–96.71%) for total mucosal thickness. Conclusion Vaginal atrophy is a painful symptom for menopausal women and the diagnostic methods may be invasive and painful too. Total vaginal thickness and total mucosal thickness measuring with transabdominal ultrasound could be an alternative method for diagnosis and treat vaginal atrophy easily.

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Transabdominal sonography to measure the total vaginal and mucosal thicknesses

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Assessment of Vaginal Vault Parameters in Stratified Age Groups and Its Social Relevance in a South Indian Population

Assessment of Vaginal Vault Parameters in Stratified Age Groups and Its Social Relevance in a South Indian Population

Vaginal Health in Menopausal Women

Transabdominal ultrasonography: A non-invasive method for diagnosing vaginal atrophy

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