“…A hallmark of neoliberalism in library service structures is the commodification of patrons and their data (Mathios,125 2019). Even though varied metrics such as in-house materials usage statistics (Rose-Wise & Irwin, 2016), circulation statistics (Rose-Wiles et al, 2020), and reference transaction statistics (Beirne & Aldridge, 2012;Dubnjakovic, 2012;Empey, 2010;LeMire et al, 2016;Ryan, 2008) continue to be used to gauge the value of libraries, these methods are ill-suited to establish with confidence authentic correlations between student success and the utilization of library resources and services. Thorpe et al (2016) write that "changes in student use of the library, both physically and virtually, mean that gate counts, room use counts, in-house print collection tick marks, and attendance for library instruction sessions are insufficient measures for showing student engagement with the library" (p. 373).…”