Transalkylation of Toluene with 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene over Large Pore Zeolites

Almulla, Faisal M.; Zholobenko, Vladimir L.; Hill, Patrick; Chansai, Sarayute; Garforth, Arthur

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01388

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[ 106 ] A variety of non‐polar capillary columns effectively separates small aromatic hydrocarbons such as the BTX products of 1,2,4‐trimethylbenzene over large‐pore zeolites. [ 107 ]…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Gas chromatography—GC

et al. 2022

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Gas chromatography (GC) separates volatile and semi‐volatile liquids and gases based on their affinity for a stationary phase, either a thin liquid or a polymer layer on a solid. A gaseous mobile phase carries the volatile compounds from an injection port to a column with the stationary phase and then to an amdetector. The most common detectors are based on mass spectrometry (MS), thermal conductivity, and flame ionization. A furnace houses the columns and maintains or ramps temperatures to increase the separation efficiency—reduce run time or increase peak separation (resolution). The analyst chooses the chemistry of the stationary phase and the physical structure of the columns based on the polarity and functional groups of the solute. Packed columns tolerate impurities better than capillary columns that have a greater separating power and bleed the functional groups less. Efficiency is best when the sample polarity matches the column polarity. High temperatures and contamination cause columns to bleed the active components, which reduces the resolution but might also introduce ghost peaks to the chromatogram. The Web of Science assigned 15 000 articles to chemical engineering that mention GC and gas chromatography as keywords. Since 2017, it has indexed close to 1000 new articles every year. A bibliometric analysis classifies these contributions into four clusters: (1) pyrolysis and biomass, (2) GC–MS and extraction, (3) lignin and aromatics, and (4) decomposition and kinetics.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Gas chromatography—GC

et al. 2022

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“…Hence, incorporating copper and zinc cations into zeolite support is a novel, emerging post-harvest technology for delaying fruit ripening and potentially increasing market potential for fresh-market tomatoes. The ability of zeolites to exchange divalent transition metal cations for compensating cations enhances their adsorption and catalytic properties [62,63]. When silicon atoms in the zeolite framework are replaced with aluminum atoms, the surface becomes negatively charged.…”

Section: Zeolite As Ethylene Adsorbentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence and Impact of Ethylene Scavengers Techniques in Delaying the Ripening of Fruits and Vegetables

et al. 2022

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As the top grocery list priorities, the primary challenge when purchasing fruits and vegetables from supermarkets is obtaining fresh, minimally processed perishable goods. This source of diet is critical for obtaining vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fibres. However, the short shelf life caused by moisture content in rapid deterioration and decay caused by microbial growth, results in unappealing appearances. Fruits and vegetables undergo ripening and eventually the ageing process, in which the tissues of the plants degrade. Even after harvesting, numerous biological processes occur, generating a significant variation of ethylene production along with respiration rates between fruits and vegetables. Thus, the utilization of ethylene scavengers in food packaging or films has been revealed to be beneficial. The synergistic effects of these biomaterials have been demonstrated to reduce microorganisms and prolong the shelf life of greens due to antimicrobial activity, oxygen scavenging capacity, enzyme immobilization, texture enhancers, and nutraceuticals. The current review fills this void by discussing the most recent advances in research on ethylene scavengers and removal mechanisms of ethylene, including oxidation in fruit and vegetable packaging. The application and advantages of ethylene scavengers in packaging are then discussed with the addition of how the efficiency related to ethylene scavengers can be increased through atmospheric packaging tools. In this context, the article discusses characteristics, types of applications, and efficacy of ethylene control strategies for perishable commodities with the inclusion of future implications.

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“…It was demonstrated in that adding a small amount of a bifunctional noble metal (Pt) reduced the coke precursors due to its hydrogenation/dehydrogenation functionality, leading to an increase in catalytic activity and stability [14]; the catalyst however eventually deactivated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hydrogenative regeneration on the activity of beta and Pt-Beta zeolites during the transalkylation of toluene with 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene

Almulla

Zholobenko

Tedstone

et al. 2020

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

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Catalyst deactivation remains a main challenge in the transalkylation process. To develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly catalyst, improving the regeneration characteristics of Beta/Pt-Beta catalysts was investigated. The regeneration process was carried out using hydrogen and up to four cycles (30 hours on stream per cycle). A Pt-Beta catalyst with enhanced regeneration and activity characteristic relative to the parent materials is presented, and found to be stable, with the activity fully restored by regeneration with hydrogen at 500 o C. The activity of the parent Beta dropped gradually after each cycle suggesting that the hydrogen alone at 500 o C was insufficiently effective in removing coke precursors. The drop in activity was attributed to the disappearance of Brønsted acid sites over the spent Beta catalyst due to the growth of coke molecules trapped in cavities leading to highly polyaromatic molecules blocking those active sites. This limitation can be effectively overcome by platinum addition.

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Transalkylation of Toluene with 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene over Large Pore Zeolites

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Gas chromatography—GC

Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Gas chromatography—GC

The Emergence and Impact of Ethylene Scavengers Techniques in Delaying the Ripening of Fruits and Vegetables

Effect of hydrogenative regeneration on the activity of beta and Pt-Beta zeolites during the transalkylation of toluene with 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene

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